Cloning :: essays research papers

CloningWhat is a Clone?A clone is a group of agenttically identical booths. For example, tumors are clones of cells inside an organism because they consist of some(prenominal) replicas of one mutated cell. Another type of clone occurs inside a cell. such(prenominal)(prenominal) a clone is made up of groups of identical mental synthesiss that contain genetic material, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Some of these structures, called plasmids, are found in some bacterium and yeasts. Techniques of genetic engineering enable scientists to combine an animal or plant gene with a bacterial or yeast plasmid. By clone such a plasmid, geneticists displace produce many identical copies of the gene.Uses of CloningResearchers said the re-create of animals, especially those that arouse been genetically modified in certain ways, could have a number of medical, agricultural, and industrial applications. For example, cloning could result in the mass end product of genetically modifie d cattle that secrete valuable drugs into their milk. But the cloning of animals indicated that it might also be possible to clone gays. Much of the public verbalised revulsion toward the prospect of human cloning, and some politicians vowed to outlaw it. Its proponents, however, saw human cloning as a way to help people, such as by allowing infertile couples to have children.Early Scientific Experiments of Cloning Scientists have enormous been intrigued by the possibility of artificially cloning animals. In fact, people have cognize since ancient times that just just cutting them into two pieces can clone some invertebrates, such as earthworms and starfish. Each piece grows into a stand in organism. The cloning of vertebrates (animals with back bones) is much more difficult to clone. The first amount in the cloning the complex organisms (vertebrates) came in the 1950s with experiments done on frogs.In 1952, Robert Briggs and doubting Thomas King, biologists at the Institute f or crabmeat Research (now the Fox Chase Cancer Center) in Philadelphia, developed a cloning method called nuclear transplantation, or nuclear transfer, which was first proposed in 1938 by the German scientist Hans Spemann. In this method, the nucleus--the cellular structure that contains most of the genetic material and that controls growth and development--is removed from an egg cell of an organism, a procedure known as enucleation. The nucleus from a body cell of another organism of the same species is then placed into the enucleated egg cell. Nurtured by the nutrients in the remaining part of the egg cell, an embryo (an organism prior to birth) begins growing.Cloning essays research papers CloningWhat is a Clone?A clone is a group of genetically identical cells. For example, tumors are clones of cells inside an organism because they consist of many replicas of one mutated cell. Another type of clone occurs inside a cell. Such a clone is made up of groups of identical structur es that contain genetic material, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Some of these structures, called plasmids, are found in some bacteria and yeasts. Techniques of genetic engineering enable scientists to combine an animal or plant gene with a bacterial or yeast plasmid. By cloning such a plasmid, geneticists can produce many identical copies of the gene.Uses of CloningResearchers said the cloning of animals, especially those that have been genetically modified in certain ways, could have a number of medical, agricultural, and industrial applications. For example, cloning could result in the mass production of genetically modified cattle that secrete valuable drugs into their milk. But the cloning of animals indicated that it might also be possible to clone humans. Much of the public expressed revulsion toward the prospect of human cloning, and some politicians vowed to outlaw it. Its proponents, however, saw human cloning as a way to help people, such as by allowing infertile couples to have children.Early Scientific Experiments of Cloning Scientists have long been intrigued by the possibility of artificially cloning animals. In fact, people have known since ancient times that just just cutting them into two pieces can clone some invertebrates, such as earthworms and starfish. Each piece grows into a complete organism. The cloning of vertebrates (animals with back bones) is much more difficult to clone. The first step in the cloning the complex organisms (vertebrates) came in the 1950s with experiments done on frogs.In 1952, Robert Briggs and Thomas King, biologists at the Institute for Cancer Research (now the Fox Chase Cancer Center) in Philadelphia, developed a cloning method called nuclear transplantation, or nuclear transfer, which was first proposed in 1938 by the German scientist Hans Spemann. In this method, the nucleus--the cellular structure that contains most of the genetic material and that controls growth and development--is removed from an egg cell of an organism, a procedure known as enucleation. The nucleus from a body cell of another organism of the same species is then placed into the enucleated egg cell. Nurtured by the nutrients in the remaining part of the egg cell, an embryo (an organism prior to birth) begins growing.

Stakeholder :: essays research papers

The purpose of this paper is to come upon key stakeholder groups in the oxygenate sop up. In addition to identifying these stakeholders groups, this paper forget include whom in the Air Force selling and communicatings programs might affect. The abutting paragraph will expound of who the key stakeholder groups argon. Key stakeholders for the United States Air Force (USAF) are people in the community, in every town, and every estate that make up this country. In addition, other key stakeholders are personnel in relation back and even the President of the United States. The United States Air Forces marketing and communication programs have changed remarkably everywhere the years. Since the birth of the USAF over 55 years ago, the marketing strategy has changed from the draft to the crossbreed into the blue (Air Force, 2002). In 2002, communication to the public around the United States Air Force was certain as the best place to be (Air Force, 2002). When you Cross Into the Blue, you throw that everyone counts that each and every member of the Air Force is in the position to make an impact. The Air Force will work to help you discover where you break down in and how youll leave your mark. Whether youre in high school ready to join the enlisted ranks and continue your development or in college looking for a career as an officer we have a commixture of exciting and rewarding career paths. But its up to you to take advantage of them (Air Force, 2002). The Air Forces communication program via web site where I retrieved this information continues on and gives listings of career fields that will be right for the stakeholder or consumer feeling excited about being a part of a team and ready to sign-up to cross into the blue.Given the sensitive Air Force communication to the public, the USAF is now marketing education benefits to make people believe by choosing an Air Force career that he or she will have a successful brio (Air Force, 2002). For examp le, the Air Force is relaying that they are dedicated to educational development and will make it unprovoked for a person to build on education end-to-end his or her career. The Air Force is offering a number of unique academic opportunities and experiences in the Air Force. The public can choose from a variety of colleges, universities, and tech training programs to complete his or her education.Stakeholder essays research papers The purpose of this paper is to identify key stakeholder groups in the Air Force. In addition to identifying these stakeholders groups, this paper will include whom in the Air Force marketing and communications programs might affect. The next paragraph will expound of who the key stakeholder groups are. Key stakeholders for the United States Air Force (USAF) are people in the community, in every town, and every state that make up this country. In addition, other key stakeholders are personnel in congress and even the President of the United States. Th e United States Air Forces marketing and communication programs have changed remarkably over the years. Since the birth of the USAF over 55 years ago, the marketing strategy has changed from the draft to the Cross into the blue (Air Force, 2002). In 2002, communication to the public about the United States Air Force was received as the best place to be (Air Force, 2002). When you Cross Into the Blue, you realize that everyone counts that each and every member of the Air Force is in the position to make an impact. The Air Force will work to help you discover where you fit in and how youll leave your mark. Whether youre in high school ready to join the enlisted ranks and continue your education or in college looking for a career as an officer we have a variety of exciting and rewarding career paths. But its up to you to take advantage of them (Air Force, 2002). The Air Forces communication program via web site where I retrieved this information continues on and gives listings of car eer fields that will be right for the stakeholder or consumer feeling excited about being a part of a team and ready to sign-up to cross into the blue.Given the new Air Force communication to the public, the USAF is now marketing education benefits to make people believe by choosing an Air Force career that he or she will have a successful life (Air Force, 2002). For example, the Air Force is relaying that they are dedicated to educational development and will make it easy for a person to build on education throughout his or her career. The Air Force is offering a number of unique academic opportunities and experiences in the Air Force. The public can choose from a variety of colleges, universities, and tech training programs to complete his or her education.

The Ku Klux Klan Essay -- african americans, civil war

At one point in time in the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan KKK had a total of more than 4 million members (History.com Staff) Fortunately, its number of followers diminish rapidly throughout the century. However, this did not stop them from sticking their foot out in the path of the Civil Rights proceeding. The Klan had many efforts to slow down the movement unless in the end, they failed to phase it. Actions that the Klan took were bombing and man-slaughtering (History.com Staff). The KKK also had a hand in the sabotage of the Freedom Riders (Fre14). Looking back on the Civil Rights Movement nowadays, any(prenominal) believe that the KKK actions actually gained support for integration. The Ku Klux Klan was created in 1866 and was embedded into nearly all the American southern states. White southerners used the group as a style to take action against Reconstruction after the American Civil War. Its name originated from the word kyklos, which translates to circle in the Greek language . Members believed they were part of the Invisible Empire of the South. in spite of appearance this empire there was a hierarchy that consisted of a leader, known as the Grand Wizard, along with lower-ranking grand dragons, grand titans, and grand cyclopses. The Klan reached its highest point in the early part of the 1900s. Its number of members declined following this peak. There was a revival of KKK activities in the 60s due to the Civil Rights Movement. Actions after that decade were antiquated and scattered throughout the rest of the century (History.com Staff).A very radical way that the KKK showed its opinions on civil rights for African Americans was bombing. A very infamous tragedy was the bombing of a Baptist church in Birmingham, Alabama. Racism, discrimination, and ... ...elt the pain of those who suffered, and their hearts were turned justice. No matter how many Klan members there are or what the Klan members did, the Civil Rights Movement saw no victory for the Ku K lux Klan.Works CitedFreedom Rides of 1961. n.d. 13 May 2014 .History.com Staff. Birmingham Church Bombing. 2014. A+E Networks. 16 April 2014 .. Ku Klux Klan. 2014. A+E Networks. 29 April 2014 .The KKK kills trey civil rights activists. 2014. 11 May 2014 .Viola Gregg Luizzo Biography. 2014. A&E Television Networks. 13 May 2014 .

Awakening Essay -- essays research papers

When Kate Chopins The Awakening was published at the end of the 19th Century, many reviewers took resultant with what they perceived to be the authors defiance of Victorian proprieties, but it is this very defiance with which has been responsible for the revival in the interest of the novel today. This factor is borne out by Chopins own words throughout her Preface -- where she indicates that women were not recipients of equal treatment. (Chopin, Preface ) Edna takes her own feeling at the books end, not because of remorse over having committed adultery but because she can no longer struggle against the social conventions which deny her fulfillment as a person and as a woman. Like Kate Chopin herself, Edna is an mechanic and a woman of sensitivity who believes that her identity as a woman involves more than than being a wife and mother. It is this very type of independent idea which was viewed as heretical in a society which sought to deny women any meaningful participation. T he fact that Edna is an artist is significant, insofar as it allows her to have a sensibility as developed as the authors. Furthermore, Edna is able to find in Mlle. Reisz, who has established herself as a musician, a role model who inspires her in her efforts at independence. Mlle. Reisz, in confiding to Edna that You are the only one worth playing for, gives evidence of the common bond which the two of them feel as women whose sensibilities are significantly different from those of the common herd. The French heritage which Edna absorbed through her Creole upbringing allowed her, like Kate Chopin herself, to have knowledge or a way of life that represented a challenge to dominant Victorian conventions. In Creole society, women are dominated by men, but at least the freer attitude toward grammatical gender allows a woman opportunities for romance which are lacking in Anglo-Saxon culture. But sexual freedom is of little interest to Edna unless it can be employ as a means of asser ting her overall freedom as a human being. Learning to swim is thus important to her, because it allows her to have more control over the circumstances of her own life through the overcoming of the dread of water and the fear of death which it symbolizes. Again, the process through which Edna attains liberation and, in the authors words, begins to do as she likes and to feel as she likes, is a gradual one. From stat... ...otagonist, or the heroine. She dares to rebel against prevailing society, and even the very title of the book, as named by Kate Chopin, The Awakening is identical to danger. Is the truth then so dangerous and horrific that one risks suicide? And if so, is this applicable to everyone? Similarly I would ask the question, if this were to be the case, or if even not, why is that most of the population is not committing suicide? Surely they are living lives which they would not prefer, for example, most people according to polls would not report their product line un less they had to and were paid for it. Most marriages end in divorce. Indeed, the degree and level of suffering and pain throughout the populace is almost unfathomable. Perhaps, Ms. Chopin was living out a secondary reality through Edna in committing suicide...and perhaps, this may be the underlying reason for the great reception which this novel has enjoyed...as well as staying power. Similarly, it has also been appointed a kind of jewel of the vanguard of womens rights. Indeed, The Awakening is one novel which exemplifies the attempt -- even realization -- of American womanhoods escape from personal and domestic bondage.

Eugenics: An Excuse To Be A Racist Or A Means To A Better Tomorrow? :: essays research papers

Eugenics An Excuse to be a Racist or a Means to a Better tomorrow?The term eugenics was coined in the late 19th century. Its goal was to apply the breeding practices and techniques used in plants and animals to human reproduction. Francis Galton stated in his Essays in Eugenics that he wished to act "the useful classes" in society to put more(prenominal) of their DNA in the gene pool. The goal was to collect records of families who were successful by virtue of having three or more adult male children who have gain superior positions to their peers. His view on eugenics can best be summarized by the following passageWhat record does blindly, slowly, and ruthlessly, man may do providently, quickly, and kindly. As it lies within his power, so it becomes his duty to work in that direction.They sought to establish this by discouraging marriages that were unfavorable in terms of eugenics by attaching to them the stigmas associated with marriage between cousins.   &nb sp Margaret Sanger, the pioneer of the movement for birth control, came from a family that would have been viewed by Galton to be unsuitable for reproduction according to eugenics. She was the ordinal of eleven children born into her poor Irish family. She felt that womens reproductive freedom was essential. She coined the term voluntary motherhood and opened the first birth control clinic in the country in Brooklyn in 1916. Like many others who supported the birth control movement, she also supported the idea of eugenics trusting that the "human race could be improved through controlled breeding." Sanger felt that all the problems of society were centered around uncontrolled breeding. She decided that women had the right to know about methods of contraception and about the whole works of their own bodies. Her views are best summarized by her statement regarding womens reproductive freedomThe basic freedom of the world is womans freedom . . .. No woman can holler hers elf free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not be a mother."Angela Davis felt that birth control was not whole advantageous to minority and lower-class women, but to women of "all classes and races." She did not however think that fewer children would help the plight of the human race and "could create more jobs, higher wages, better schools, etc., etc." She felt that if women were not troubled by several childbirths and miscarriages that they could pursue other avenues of life outside of the constraints of marriage and motherhood.

Eugenics: An Excuse To Be A Racist Or A Means To A Better Tomorrow? :: essays research papers

Eugenics An Excuse to be a Racist or a way of life to a Better Tomorrow?The term eugenics was coined in the late 19th century. Its goal was to apply the breeding practices and techniques used in plants and animals to adult male reproduction. Francis Galton stated in his Essays in Eugenics that he wished to influence "the useful classes" in society to put more of their DNA in the gene pool. The goal was to collect records of families who were successful by virtue of having three or more adult male children who have gain superior positions to their peers. His view on eugenics can best be summarized by the following passageWhat nature does blindly, slowly, and ruthlessly, man may do providently, quickly, and kindly. As it lies within his power, so it becomes his duty to work in that direction.They sought to establish this by discouraging marriages that were unfavorable in terms of eugenics by attaching to them the stigmas associated with marriage between cousins.  &nbs p  Margaret Sanger, the pioneer of the movement for fork out control, came from a family that would have been viewed by Galton to be unsuitable for reproduction according to eugenics. She was the sixth of eleven children born into her poor Irish family. She felt that womens reproductive freedom was essential. She coined the term voluntary motherhood and opened the firstborn birth control clinic in the country in Brooklyn in 1916. Like many others who supported the birth control movement, she also supported the idea of eugenics trust that the "human race could be improved through controlled breeding." Sanger felt that all the problems of society were centered around uncontrolled breeding. She decided that women had the right to know to the highest degree methods of contraception and about the workings of their own bodies. Her views are best summarized by her statement regarding womens reproductive freedomThe basic freedom of the world is womans freedom . . .. No w oman can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not be a mother."Angela Davis felt that birth control was not only advantageous to minority and lower-class women, but to women of "all classes and races." She did not however think that fewer children would help the plight of the human race and "could create more jobs, higher wages, better schools, etc., etc." She felt that if women were not troubled by several childbirths and miscarriages that they could pursue other avenues of life outback(a) of the constraints of marriage and motherhood.

Resume template

capability to communicate effectively in the workplace Licenses Forklift demonstrate Binomial license Driving license Over head crane license Traffic control license Excavator license skid steer license exsanguine card Skills Good technical knowledge competency to diagnose faults Ability to work unsupervisedExperience in the repair and maintenance of mobile equipment heavy vehicles Experience with American and Japanese drivels Trailer servicing and repairs experience Diagnostic skills Own tools Able to work in a team environment and independently. Flexible with hours. Attention to detail. Ability to demonstrate safe work practices Full understanding of operation and maintenance procedures of all site equipment Maintaining the workshop to a high standard Liaise with different staff members and suppliers Work well in a team, show initiative and be responsibleAccurate record keeping Able to travel when required Personal Qualities Ability to work independently Punctual Motivated Org anized Education 2004 2007 Year 11 Subjects English Mathematics Religious Education Catholic Regional College College finish Systems Technology Visual Communications & Design Wood Technology 2008 2012 Trade School Certificate Ill in self-propelling Mechanical Technology and Automotive Mechanic Heavy Vehicle Mobile Equipment TAFT Kananga Batman Safety staple procedures Apply emergencies procedures Charge and test batteriesComplete repairs to circuit wiring Repair instruments and warning ashes runnel components and identify faults Apply correct lubricants fluids progress toling technique Carry out serving operations Test cooling system and analyze results Prepare to answer diesel fuel system components Prepare equipment/engine for use and storage Service manual transmissions Inspect semi automatic transmissions Test hydraulic system and analyze results 2007 2008 Certificate II Engineering Studies TAFT Apply principles of OH&S in work environmentPlan to undertake a routine task Use power tools/hand held operations Develop individual career plan Use hand tools Perform basic machining processes Use computer for engineering work acts Perform basic computational principles Employment History 2012 2013 Operator mobile equipment & mechanic Full time Duties Central Bobcat Hire Operate machinery Traffic control Excavating Labouringly workshop duties Fully serviced & repaired machinery 2008 2012 Diesel Mechanic Mobile Equipment Service and repair all site mobile equipment

The Dork Continent Book Review

Upon hearing the title of the book, one might assume that it will focus on the decolonization of Africa. Africa is known as the dark continent because it remained a mystery to European explorers for an extensive amount of age. Instead, Mark Mazowers Dark Continent Europes Twentieth Century, focuses on Europe in the twentieth century, as the title nones, and provides a historical and political analysis of the modern European state from the end of the First world War up until the time of publishing the book in 1988.Mazower, a young British author and historian, has taught at the University of Sussex and Princeton, and is a prize-winning author for his book Inside Hitlers Greece The Experience of Occupation, 1941-1944. The principal thesis of Dark Continent is that the victorious reign of res publica in Europe was not predestined, but emerged significantly from the endless splutter between ethnic groups and nations, as well as three rival theologies- Nazism, Communism, and Democra cy.Mazowers thesis suggests that democracy is not the essential preferred method of political organization, even when empires were falling and nations reorganizing after the ravaging of World War I. Of the three ideologies, Mazower concludes that Communism was the closest to being satisfactory in both theory and practice. The book begins with the discussion of the rise and fall of democracy. The struggle between the three ideologies was at the core of European twentieth century history.Preceding the the first World War, Europe only had three republics by the end of 1918 at that place were thirteen. Even so, democracy was unable to secure itself during inter-war years. Liberalism was short-lived and democratic values disappeared as political polarization brought much of Europe to the verge of civil war. Mazower notes that in 1930, Weimars Chancellor Hermann Muller warned that a democracy without democrats is an internal and external danger but the founders of post-war constitutiona lism had not given much thought to the matter.For many conservatives, the problem with democracy was simply due to the power it gave the masses in the supposed incompatibility of democracy and authority. The conservatives also feared that democracy placed too much stress on rights and not enough on duties. According to Mazower, the collapse of liberal democracy was the result of its focus on process rather than on results. In Mazowers view, Russian liberals assume mistakenly that a deep rooted social crisis could be solved by offering the people constitutional liberties(23).The consequence was that, at the end of the 20s was that the new-fangled nations that came about after the Versailles peace treaties came to be ruled by authoritarian regimes rather than democratic governments. The emergence of fascist and communist leaders with policies regarding state jibe of resources was unavoidable. For the citizens that were tired of the war and failed attempts of democracy, men manage Stalin, Hitler, Lenin, and Mussolini provided new hope for a stabilization in Europe.The pursuits of fascists like Hitler and Mussolini and the lesser in Eastern European nations whitethorn be reprehensible, Mazower admits, but it is at least comprehensible. What these dictators were doing was little different from what their predecessors in England, France, Russia, and even Belgium had done for the past half century culminating European imperial involution that began in the 1870s. By the late 1930s, it was evident that liberal democracy had lost its reign in Europe. Hitlers New Order appeared to be Europes future. Mazower argues that even in declination 1919 Lenin saw that both terror and the Cheka are ndispensable tools to maintain the permanent dictatorship of the bourgeois. Furthermore, the scientific term dictatorship, means nothing more or less than authority untrammeled by any laws, absolutely unrestricted by any rules whatever and based directly on force (page 24). With that said, Mazower notes that communism turned out to be the last, and perhaps highest stage of imperialism. Mazower does an exceptional job at giving his view of Hitler. I found this to be a successful way of supporting his thesis. What I found to be odd was the way he described the works of Hitler.I would assume that he would clearly show his disapproval of the matter, rather he seems to come up the issue lightly. Mazower makes an attempt to make us see that Hitlers belief that Germanys destiny depended on the geographic replacement of Slavs in Ukraine. Moreover, Mazower suggests that the Second World War did not start because of diplomatic misunderstanding or confusion, nor even because of Hitlers deceit or duplicity. Rather it started because Hitlers opponents realized they were faced with a clash of two worlds-Berlin and London(82).What I did like about the book was the fact that Mazower explained the cause of communisms fall really well. I was a bit confused before of exactly what events sparked the fall, but I was sure aware and understood fully after reading this thoughtful book. As mentioned before, I found that Mazower seemed to praise Hitlers actions, suggesting that he was not part of the cause for World War II, but puts the blame on Hitlers opponents. It makes me question what side of the field Mazower is playing. Nevertheless, the book was a great read and provided an exuberant amount of historical circumstance in Europe.

Foreign Investment in Malaysia and Its Impact on Economic Growth Essay

Foreign direct enthronisation (FDI) means an international capital flows in which a sure in one country creates or expands a subsidiary in another (Krugman & Obstfeld, 2006). Directly, it means the subsidiary not only has the financial obligation towards its kindle company, it transports to the same organizational structure and value.Theoretically, companies involve in FDI due to cost saving on the location, usage of abundance resources, technology transfer, vertical integration (coordinating release and demand to an agreed price) and currency exchange that will reduce cost and increase value to sh beholders. FDI in a host country is forestalling to boost the manufacturing and operate industry and consequently boost up the economy.FDI impact on economy and socialThe area has been widely studied by economist and among others, in einsteinium Asia, FDI is used as channel of increasing capital stock and it has positive effect on the economic growth in Vietnam (Thu Thi, Paitoon, & Bangorn, 2010) and more growth in Vietnam if the come in is done in education, training, financial market development (Anwar & Lan Phi, 2010). FDI increase wages of skilled and unskilled labour (Oladi, Gilbert, & Beladi, 2011) and it couldincrease the household consumption in the host country.However, the distance of investors from origin country to destination or host country plays an important role in promoting FDI in the latter. This is a try out of macroeconomic gravity impact whereby the investors easily commute from their home country and understanding of the custom and language could reduce the barrier in communication. Foreign investment could contribute in ethical and structural norm in an organization rather than thewestern cultural transfers. Local cultural norm shall be adhered to during the duologue process in order to have a win-win situation between investors and local entrepreneur. It is also discussed that political stress may impacted the inflow of FDI by tight ening the rules and regulation which in turn will make the investment environment in destination country is less attractive compare to globose environment.FDI are positive correlated with network (Shaner & Maznevski, 2011) and regional integration (Nathapornpan Piyaareekul & Peridy, 2009) host countries levels of financial market and institutional development, better governance and appropriate macroeconomic policies (Polpat, Bangorn, & Paitoon, 2011 Vadlamannati, Tamazian, & Irala, 2009) ample improvement and learning experience from previous FDI (Takechi, 2011). Therefore, a good support from the government is vital in promoting the FDI in host country.Not only FDI expect good support from the government, study shows that FDI creates instability and worsen crisis (Kazi, 2011). The way to control FDIs in one country are defined the terms and sectors which they are allowed to invest do a thorough risk assessment on the portfolio and resolve global dispute in an organization such as existence tack Organization (Cohen, 2009).FDI and determinants are co-integrated. Among determinants FDI factors in Malaysia are openness of a company, interest rates, inflation rate, China joining WTO1 and level of corruption.(Ting-Yong & Tuck-Cheong, 2010). Comparing to ASEAN as a whole, FDI is looked as more market-seeking rather than profit-seeking due to growing internal markets (Siew-Yong, Chen-Chen, & Hui-Boon, 2010). Contrary, Prema-chandra and Swarnim (2011) found that FDI in Malaysia has eroded compare to outflow to another countries.World Trade OrganizationFacts on FDI in Malaysia (2002-2011)Annual percentage growth rate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any proceeds taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for dep reciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources2.Data from World Bank (Chart 1 and Chart 2) revealed that FDI into Malaysia has a significant increment over past decade. However, there was a drop of FDI net inflows in 2009, due to instauration economic recession in 2008. The uptrend is picking up to a highest point at approximately USD12 billion from the last decade. Comparing to our neighboring country, Thailand, whom has a higher(prenominal) GDP, it has the same effect except the decline trend after 2010. It might be influenced by political crisis in Thailand since 2008 that effected international companies decision to extend their business in Thailand.From Chart 3, we gathered that the gross capital formation for Malaysia approximately between 20% to 25% of our GDP, with the lowest point at 17.84% in 2009 after 2008 recession. Foreign investment inflows are following the same trend and it clearly shows that FDI dropped synchronize with capita l formation following the recession.

Is Banning School Soda Machines A Good Idea

Is banning school soda machines a reasoned idea? Its non the governments Job to make decisions about what we drink and where we drink it. Thats why I think its a bad idea to ban soda machines from schools. Taking absent soda machines will take away the students ability to learn how to make healthy decisions for themselves. If they dont learn how to make healthy choices as a kid, they wont be satisfactory to make those good choices as an adult.The New York Times states that anyone who has tried to lose weight is likely to tell you that going cold turkey and avoiding tempting foods and drinks is setting ourselves up for failure, and that is exactly what banning particular foods and drinks will do. Removing unhealthy choices is setting you up for failure, and its not a way to teach students on how to make healthy choices. retention soda machines in schools will allow students to ask themselves, Is this a good choicer, Is this healthy? Soda machines in schools will teach themselves on how to make good and healthy choices. Although soda is mellowed in calories and sugars, there Is no evidence that it Is the direct cause of obesity. If schools carry only diet and zero calorie sodas such as diet eke and coke zero, the students would be drinking calorie free sodas with less sugar. That would allow the schools to still make profit and the students to get a healthier version of their favorite sodas.Another more beneficial way to decrease childhood obesity Is by dally exercise. This way your lungs and tenderness will get In better shape, while you are losing weight. Nobody wants to set kids and students up for failure. Banning soda machines In schools will set them up for that failure. Thats why I cogitate that schools shouldnt ban their soda machines from students. Source The New York Times Upfront. The New York Times Upfront I The News Magazine for High nurture. N. P. , n. D. Web. 4 Novo. 2012. Is Banning School Soda Machines A Good Idea By crimsoning will a llow students to ask themselves, Is this a good choice? , Is this healthy? Soda Although soda is high in calories and sugars, there is no evidence that it is the Another more beneficial way to decrease childhood obesity is by daily exercise. This way your lungs and heart will get in better shape, while you are losing weight. Nobody wants to set kids and students up for failure.

Investment Analysis about two companies.-Pratt Ltd and Dana Ltd. Essay

According to a detail investment analysis by assessing performance, efficiency and fiscal stability between two companies, we may find a company that is fitting for investment. During the period of analysis, accounting ratios atomic number 18 utilized to direct the discussion. However, there are some limitation relates to ratio analysis, which can be addressed further. At last, a company would be recommended by combining discussion of many factors. entrePotential shareholder faces two options about whether investing in Pratt Ltd or Dana Ltd. According to detail information from financial statements, we can use accounting ratios to break a better prediction and analysis about potential advantages and drawbacks in investing in one of these companies. Through interpretation of accounting ratios, we can calculate closely at the financial state of two companies-profitability, efficiency, and financial stability, and then decide which company to invest in.ProfitabilityProfitability rel ates to companies past and future performance, concord to Jacklin.et.al(2007), performance is great , not only because it determines investment returns, but also the analysis of performance may provide a good indicator of the find of bankruptcy. There are a number of ratios that assist in predicting performance. The first one is gross profit margin, which is represented by net sales dissever by gross profit. The ratio calculated in Pratt Ltd is 31.2%, while 37% in Dona LTD, which reveals that every dollar sales of returns 0.37$ in Dona is better than 0.31$ in Pratt, by and by deducting the cost of goods sold. The second ratio is selling expense ratio, which can be represented by sales divided by selling expense. This peckers the relative greatness of various expenses in the earning of profit by comparing them to the sales for the period. The will is 3.6% in Pratt, compared with 3.9% in Dana, which indicates higher sales revenue involves higher expenses in Dana than in Pratt. The next one is net profit margin, which measures net sales divided by earnings after interest tax. This reflects final return to shareholders, the dissolver got is 8.9% in Pratt, 10.5% in Dona. Dona achieves a better return for shareholders. The quality of income ratio focus more on cash generated, it is a measure of everywheresights efficiency. The result got is 43.5% in Pratt, 4.1%in Dana, which indicates that a lower quality of income occurs in Dana, which relates to the level of income in the form of cash flow.The next one is asset turnover ratio, which measures the birth of sales to total assets. It indicates how effective it is in generating sales from total investment in assets. The result got is 4.86% in Pratt, compared with 4.28% in Dana, which beyond the industry average level. presume valuation used the alike for each company, the ratio reveals that for every dollar of investment in assets, Pratt produced more sales than Dana. The next ratio is return on assets, w hich shows earnings from using the total investment in assets results from net profit margin and asset turnover we can compare firms on their performance in generating profit from their investment in assets.The result is 57.75%% in Dana, which is higher than Pratts 56.76%. Both ratios indicate good operating performance, compared with industry averages 54.39%. However, it is fire that Dana produce more profit than Pratt. Given their low asset turn over rate, Dana has a higher return on sales, because both them are the same type of furniture store. The last ratio to evaluate operating performance is return on equity, which combines the impacts of performance and financial social organisation. Jackling.et.al(2004) indicates the success or failure of management in using leverage to improve owners returns, when compared with ROA. Dana produces 79.87% in ROE, while Pratt brings 78.35%. Both firms experiences better performance than industry average. However, it is wise to chose Dana be cause more returns can be achieved by the use of leverage.EfficiencyJacking et.al. (2007) indicates that operating efficiency relates to capabilities of firms to manage its assets so that maximum return can be obtained for the lowest level of assets. The first ratio to measure efficiency is muniment turnover. The result got in Pratt is32 days, which is less than 34 in industry average, 36 in Dana. This ratio indicates that Dana takes more time to turn over into sales, compared with Pratt. Inventory levels are higher in relation to sales and may imply poor enumeration management in Dana, which results in high inventory holding costs and obsolete stocks that is difficult to sell. However, in Pratt, although it may indicate good management, it also indicates inadequate stock levels, causing lost sales and profuse restocking costs.Therefore, there is no applied bar to justify whether the higher inventory turnover rate, the more efficiency it can achieve. All what we need is a trust worthy comparable figure, which represents the overall perfect situation. The next ratio is accounts receivable turnover, usually expressed as the average number of days credit customers take to present their debt to the firm. Generally, a rapid turnover of accounts receivable is desirable, however, it should not be so rapid to require credit terms that deter prospective customers. The maximum allowed conventionality credit period is 30 days, which is thirster than 23 in Pratt, 27 in Dona. Pratt takes fewer days to collect cash perhaps due to wish of credit sales. Besides, it may indicate poor control over accounts receivable in Dana.This may result in some liquidity difficulties and finally, extensive writes-offs of naughtiness debts. The last ratio to measure efficiency is accounts take overable turnover, which represent the average number of days the firm takes to pay debts to suppliers of goods and services. Usually, more days firm takes to pay debt, a worse reputation can be established, which may lead to difficulties in gaining pay from suppliers and financiers in the future. The result got is 32 days in Dona, which is longer than 29 in industry average, 25 in Pratt. This indicates Donas debt repayment is less efficient than Pratt perhaps a large amount of leverage finance is used to promote sales. As well as we know, operating performance in Dona is clearly better than Pratt. The financial structure in Dona is complicated, which needs to be reorganized. Inefficiency in Dona may result in discounts for early payment being missed. this would cause larger amount of expenses in Dona.Financial StabilityShort-termJackling.et.al (2007) indicates that short solvency can be assessed by liquidity ratios, these ratios reveal whether the entity has managed its liquidity or cash flows accurately, they can also measure the entitys ability to repay its short-term debts. The first ratio used is current ratio, it indicates that the percentage of debts arising wi thin the next 12 months that can be met by assets expected to be liquidated within the same period. The result got in Dana is 170%, compared with 150% in Pratt.This reveals that Dana has excessive current asset holding, perhaps due to a poor turnover of inventory or accounts receivable. The efficiency achieved in Pratt is better than Dana. However, liabilities are more likely to be repaid within one year in Dana. Another ratio used is dissolute asset ratio, which excluding the less liquid current assets and the less pressing current liabilities, the result got is 0.64 in Dana and 0.60 in Pratt. Although there is more lasting financial structure in Dana, it is not significant if inventory cannot be sold and debtors will not pay. The ideal ratio may depend on how readily inventory and debtors can be converted into cash and how rapidly sales can be converted to a cash flow into the organization.Long-termJacking et al. (2007) indicates that the main destruction of financial managemen t is to chemical equilibrium the maturity structure of assets and liabilities. Debt to assets ratio and debt to equity ratio can be used. Both of the result got in Pratt is 45%.81%, compared with 43%, 76% in Dana. This result indicates that Pratt has higher leverage of the entity, it may result in increase in the cost of finance relating to interest payments and in the seek of bankruptcy. Pratt is less likely to repay all debts because proceeds from liquidation will be insufficient. Moreover, Pratt may be likely to have difficulty borrowing finances or at the least, may accept higher interest charges. The creditors are more likely to take action to appoint an official receiver or liquidate the organization, if it defaults in payment of debenture interest. Another ratio is used, which measures the safety margin of profit over interest payments, is called times interest earned ratio. The result got in Dana is 5.3, which is better than 4.7 in Pratt. It is safer in Dana that interest charges are well covered by EBIT.LimitationTiming problemsThe analysis is a static one, the ratios produced from the balance sheet show financial position at a point in time. The income summary cannot reveal any trend during the period.The information baseThe important information is frequently not disclosed, the data that is disclosed lacks detail. The comparison is difficult because of length of time an asset has been held or different valuation policies adopted by entities.End useRatios use information from the past and they are not good indicators of the future. No evaluation can take place until some standard for evaluation has been established. The use of ratios arises when some ratios appear satisfactory and some appear unsatisfactory.RecommendationBased on my analysis from three areas of profitability, efficiency, financial stability, Dana is more suitable company to be invested in. Operating performance in Dona is clearly better than Dana. Although operating efficiency in P ratt is better than Dana, it reversely reflects that Dana has a more stable financial structure the credit risk is lower in Dona. There are some limitations for analysis, but for both of two companies, their encountered impact is certain.Reference keyJackling, B, Raar, J, Williams, B& Wines, G2007, Financial Statement Analysis, Luisa Cecotti, North Ryde.

Quantitative Risk Assessment Essay

For the project of re deviseing packing for the Canadian market, quantitative risk discernment plays an important role. Quantitative risk assessment is, A process for assigning a numeric value to the probability of loss based on known risks and available, objective data used to determine potence direct and indirect costs to the company based on values assigned to company assets and their exposure to risk (InvestorWords.com, 2014). For this particular project, quantitative risk assessment impart be useful in determining not only which are areas of emf risk, but also to what degree these risks may affect the boilersuit integrity of the project.Revised Project BackgroundThe project of the re propose of packaging for the Canadian market currently consists of four different product lines including Dial, Tone, Right Guard, and run dry Idea, and consists of over 50 variants distichning the four lines. Each new packaging design is independent of every other thus there exists no interde pendency from design to the next. Each design observes a similar path consisting of initial review of changes, alterations, and additions by concern, marketing, and the design team, initial layout of established changes by the design team followed by a first round review of changes by marketing, legal, focusing and compliance. If additional changes are required, a second round of design and review is implemented up to two additional rounds as needed.Upon successful acknowledgement of new designs, the artwork is then sent to our preproduction team for development to printer-ready artwork. Once completed, the artwork is sent to a third party production house for mockups to be created to be sent to the parentcompany in Germany for final approval. If any designs are rejected (and they neer are), commentary from Germany is implemented into further redesign and the process is restarted. Upon approval from Germany, artwork is submitted to the printer.Printer will then submit print-ready , color-calibrated proofs for final approval. Proofs are reviewed by management for final approval before actual printing. Once printed, packaging is sent to a fulfillment house to have labels applied to containers and filled with product or have wraps applied to soap bars. Upon completion of fulfillment, finished product is shipped to various holding facilities in Canada for final disposition. As antecedently stated, project will span eight months from inception to final delivery.Risk Identification FrameworkManagement Delays As the majority of the work for this project involves objective changes and adjustments to existing packaging, the first phase, initial review by management, involves nominal risk. Management will evaluate and select which products will receive updated treatment for inclusion into the Canadian market. Once the products are selected, management has no further involvement outside of potential cancellations of various packaging designs or their requested involvem ent during a particular phase of completion. Design Delays As this project includes approximately 50 variants of packaging including labels and wraps, production must be coordinated to solelyow for enough time for completion of initial layouts and any infallible revisions, while taking into consideration the design needs and time constrains on the design team from other departments and for other projects running concurrently. While the project has a timeline of eight months, final design layouts must be venerated and ready for preproduction within the first four months of the project.The in-house design team will complete the bulge of the design phase of the project, though external design agencies may be utilized if time constraints are threatened. It should be noted that the use of external design agencies would incur additional costs. Also, the design process will require an initial review before being released to the review team for official review, to ensure all parameters have been incorporated. Review Delays This area constitutes the bulk of all potential delays. While individually packaging component is independent of oneanother, the review process for each component must be completed sequentially among the review team. There are five departments that will review each design layout and either approve or denote changes. Some of these potential changes are subject to additional changes or cancellations by other departments, meaning the first team may maneuver several changes that the third team can then override if the indicated changes are deemed unnecessary.Also, the number of rounds of review may add potential delays to the overall project. Another potential area of delay exists with the timely completion of review by the required departments. Certain key staff may be unavailable to review a packaging design during a given time period. To circumvent potential risks, each member of the review staff will have two resource staff members capable of reviewing each package design. Should no staff members be available to review, the particular review component is submitted to the manager of the appropriate department for their review. This becomes a last-resort scenario in that traditionally, managers indicate changes that exist outside the scope of the project. Review delays present unique difficulties in that not every team member provides feedback as to their casual availability.Pre-Production and Printing Delays The preproduction team will transition the artwork from its final design to printer-ready artwork. There is typically no risk for delay in this area. The printer will then produce a final round of art proofs calibrated to their individual presses. One round of revisions is already assumed and build into this process. Additional revisions are not typical though can present a nominal risk. Corporate Delays While exceeding unusual, corporate can play a smaller role in delaying a project by canceling one or more packagi ng designs, adding addition package designs above and beyond what management has previously approved, or by simply delaying the provision of final approval on all finished designed submitted. While these scenarios are unlikely, they do represent the extreme limit of delay-related risk in that they can affect the project for an indeterminate amount of time.Qualified and Quantified Risk MatrixReview DelaysReduce Risk coherent communication with key reviewers. Engage alternate reviews if primary reviews are unavailable. Enlist managers is alternate reviewers are unavailable. Greater than two days review time by each responsible team member. Project ManagerPre-Production and Printing DelaysReduce RiskConstant communication with pre-production team and printer will reduce or eliminate risks. Buffers in timing are already built into production times. Delays indicated by pre-production team or printer.ReferencesCooper, D. F., Grey, S., Raymond, G., & Walker, P. (2005). Project risk manage ment guidelines Managing risk in large projects and complex procurements. West Sussex, England John Wiley & Sons. InvestorWords.com. (2014). quantitative risk assessment. Retrieved October 1, 2014, from http//www.investorwords.com/19179/quantitative_risk_assessment.html Loch, C. H., DeMeyer, A., & Pich, M. T. (2006). Managing the unknown A new approach to managing high uncertainty and risk in projects. Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons.

Globalization: Good or Bad Essay

A tremendously contentious issue, globalization has been the center if lots discusses and has raised a lot of questions. Some she-bop down viewed its procedure as helpful, while many others differ that it give rises adverse results and bell. Though, before the questions and apprehensions of globalization, it is essential to decide or rather describe globalization and all which is concerned. Although middling forward-looking term, dating to 1980s, globalization has been historical execute evident for over the last 100 years. globalisation specially encompasses many aspects for example stack, capital movement, stretch of instruction, movement of people.(Yager 2004) In the broader definition, globalization promotes magnetic perfumeiveness by utilizing each food market and nations specialization nvirtuosotheless, allowing people and economies to focus on what they do best. globalization gives opportunity to each nation to access each others markets as well as to capital fl ow, technology, imports, exports, politics, and culture. However, as some countries continually reap the benefits and flourish others be falling short. (Guillen 2001) With any global process in that respect are definitely encounters and consequences to follow.It is certain that globalization led to great economical increase but it is axiomatic that prosperity is non equal. Already advanced countries are the iodines who necessitate benefited most by globalization nevertheless, this is not to say slowly developing countries waste not prospered as well. However, the poorest regions such as in Africa and the designer Soviet urinate not been able to keep up with the worldwide phenomenon. Low income countries have not integrated with the global economy because of policies and outside factors beyond their take.These factors are not fault of globalization however, thither has not been much effort to strengthen these countries financial systems. Globalization is lacking proce sses in which to increase business and aid to the poorest countries which would help with integration of all countries- plentiful and poor. Furthermore, there are not only gaps in the midst of the rich and poor countries, but among the rich and poor within the countries which are benefiting from globalization. (Gladwin 2002) Comparative profit and globalizationThe surmisal of inviolate benefit was originally proposed in 1776 by Adam Smith. Smiths theory was the prime(prenominal) to explain the benefit of free trade. Smith felt that the hand of the market mechanism, rather than government policy, should localise countries imports and exports. Free trade is achieved when government does not influence trade through quotas or duties. Theory of absolute advantage, suggests that state of matter should specialize in producing goods in areas where it has an absolute advantage and import goods in areas where other countries have absolute advantages.(Sherman, Steingard & Fitzgibb ons 2002) The theory of comparative advantage, building on Smiths theory, David Ricardo advanced the intellectual theory for unrestricted free trade by suggesting that it makes sense for country to specialize in producing those goods that it can produce most in effect(p)ly, while buying goods that it can produce relatively less efficiently from other countries even up if that means buying goods from other countries that it could produce more efficiently itself.In short, the theory of comparative advantage suggests that opening country to free trade stimulates economic growth. (Guillen 2001) Heckscher-Ohlin theory is refined version of the work of Ricardo. Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin, twentieth century Swedish economists revealed one of the most influential ideas in international economics. (Brown, David, and Hunter 2004) The Heckscher-Ohlin hypothesis has been one of the most significant hypothetical ideas in global economics.The Heckscher-Ohlin theory suggests that the patt ern of international trade is unconquerable by endowments. The theory further reveals that, countries will export those goods that make intensive use of locally great factors and will import goods that make intensive use of factors that are locally scarce. (Stasavage 2005) Factors of Globalization The major(ip) drivers of globalization are the decline in barriers to the free flow of goods, aids, and capital, technical change, communication, information processing, and transportation technologies.Examples of declining trade and investment barriers that will enable the free flow of goods and services can be seen in the decrease of tariffs and legal blocks which have prevented cross country business. (Gladwin 2002) These barriers were lessoned over the past decades facilitated by the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the move towards free market economies in China and Latin America. Reduction of these barriers has resulted in the current trend toward the globalization of production and the ability to see the world as single market.(Yergin & Stanislaw 2000) Examples of technological change can be seen in the major advances seen in communication, information processing, and transportation technology, including the explosive effect of the Internet and the World Wide We. Arguably the most important development is that of the microprocessor, which has fueled explosive growth increase power and reducing bes there by exponentially increasing the amount of information processed by individual and organizations alike.(Guillen 2001) In the past three decades global communication has been enhanced by developments in satellite, optical fiber, wireless technologies, the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW). Transportation innovations such as the jet aircraft, super-freighters, and the foundings of containerization have simplified shipment from one mode of transportation to the next thereby increasing the speed and reducing the cost of goods shipped enabling organizations to expand the geographical area to which goods can be shipped. (Osland Dhanda & Yuthas 2002) Pros productivityTo begin with, globalization is creating competitive advantage to companies which source labor work to cheaper countries hence lowering their costs. In this scenario both countries would be better of since the cheaper country would foreign cash inflows and the outsourcing country would have cheaper costs. (Gladwin 2002) problem with this usage is creating loss of strains in the outsourcing country, but that is like saying supermarket is laying of specific workers to hire more efficient workers therefore creating joblessness for the laid off workers.The workers will eventually get work in field where they have comparative advantage in which is having an advantage among others based on specialization (in the simple sense). (Jepsen 2004) The same applies to country as whole when unemployment is on the rise this will probably create downward pressure on the cost of employment in the country and therefore having companies going back to hiring locals for the job since they now cost less and would then have the comparative advantage. second reason why globalization should be support is that worldwide social welfare is increased when each country does what is has comparative advantage in, and this should come naturally as each company in country individually finds the country to produce in that makes the most economic sense. (Brown, David, and Hunter 2004) This increase in welfare is accomplished because by definition when using comparative advantage each country is working in its specialization therefore each country is producing relatively its highest capacity. unity of the greatest evils for the business/economic world is inflation and globalization helps limit inflation and this is due to contest in bigger scale (worldwide) rather than just country wide. (Osland Dhanda & Yuthas 2002) Another reason why welfare will increase b ecause of globalization is the fact that countries which have jobs given to them from foreign countries will now have more means to buying products from other countries all over the world therefore increasing the well-worn of living in all countries involved.Globalization spawns interaction between many diverse cultures which creates an understanding of populations ideologies and set towards one another. (Gladwin 2002) This creates more political stability as misunderstandings are less likely to occur. This can overly be problem as some extremists might be close minded to interaction and introduction of foreigners into the country which creates bit of cultural clash and some problems might occur such as revolutions against new policies and, in an extreme situation, war.(Stasavage 2005) Ideas and innovation Although in general globalization is positive effect it still has its pitfalls. As previously discussed workers in the outsourcing country loose lot of their jobs and une mployment is serious problem to every economy. It is been said that one quarter of workers who have lost their jobs to outsourcing would still be unemployed 3 years from the time they were laid-off.(Sherman, Steingard & Fitzgibbons 2002) The workers who have not lost their job will probably be facing survivor syndrome which is the fear of loosing their job after huge lay off has made around them and they havent been laid-off which has set up on the humans health(heart problems) and productivity if they think there is no hope and they start fall back of. Exploitation of developing countries by developed countries is one of the major problems of globalization and it exists in two forms.The premier(prenominal) type is using the labor force of country for an extremely low price, in some cases octogenarian woman and very young children were used in the production of various products such as property and clothing. (Gladwin 2002) This issue was brought into attention in the late nin eties with companies like Nike exploiting young kids to work for close to vigour and in horrid conditions in countries such as Indonesia. The second form of exploitation is when developing countries are forced to sell their products (coffee in the case of Brazil) at very low price due to market fluctuations and the desperate need for income. cut in the production of one product in one graphic symbol of the world would be highly felt in whole different part of the world and that effect is highly substantial in primary products like oil. (Gladwin 2002) Inflation, jobs and outsourcing There are many advantages which company could get from outsourcing its distribution functions. study which has been conducted in 1993 reported that company could reduce 9% of its operating costs by outsourcing. When company is outsourced its distribution function to world-class provider, it would reduce the cost of this function as the provider would be more efficient and specialist in this functi on.Also, by outsourcing non-core activities like distribution, company could focus on its core activities and increase revenues. . Managers realize that by outsourcing their routine, nonessential operations, they can better focus on the core competencies that rattling differentiate them from competitor. (Gladwin 2002) For example, Ericsson one, of the leading companies in the telecommunication industry, trusted to reduce its costs in the supply range of mountains by finding solution to its warehouses in Philippines.(Guillen 2001) Ericsson is always trying to reduce costs in different areas of business, this is including, the supply chain so as to save money and focus on Research and development. Therefore, Ericsson off-key to Exel. Ericsson has leased the warehousing operation to Exel on two years contract. Exel has provided flexible service to Ericsson which has resulted in cost saving and made Ericsson concentrate on its core businesses. Before Ericsson has to handle the w arehouse operation in-house but it was not the core competencies of the business. (Osland Dhanda & Yuthas 2002)Another advantage of outsourcing is the reduction of the need to invest in non-core business assets such as warehousing and carriers. This will allow the firm to make the capital funds more operational for core functions such as research and development in the telecommunication industry. For example, blue Telecom reconstruct enterprise which is operating in 130 countries has outsourced its distribution service to Ryder Dedicated Logistic. The main reason for Northern Telecom to outsource its distribution function, it did not want to invest in non-core activities.(Yergin & Stanislaw 2000) The development and increasing carrying out of outsourcing has not been without its problem. The cost escalation and lack of quality of service are two of the more frequent complaints from firms towards the terzetto party, although contractors argue that these problems often stem from firms failure to be precise about what they want by outsourcing their distribution service. Clear objectives need to be set by and to achieve this high level of communication and understanding between firm and service provider must be established.(Sherman, Steingard & Fitzgibbons 2002) Cons Jobs loss The risk of exposure outsourcing is the impact of outsourcing on those currently responsible for management of the function is unsounded. If the service is outsourced, the management of the provision of the service from within the organization is radically changed from management of function to management of the business kinship with contractor. The lack of control posed by movement of this function outside of the organization is often seen as the greatest risk of outsourcing. Consequently, it needs to be cautiously planned and managed.In reality, the effect of outsourcing can simply be seen as shift in focus from managing function to managing contractual relationship. Careful p lanning together with contract written to provide for control measures such as performance monitoring, and good contract administration will pick at or negate any lack of control. (Gladwin 2002) Outsourcing now usually includes benefit impartations. Examples are transfers of staff, sale of subsisting equipment, and/or transfer of existing contracts used in the provision of the service.It is everyday for specialist outsourcing companies to seek transfer of existing staff to do the work. An organization can facilitate this process by allowing communication between staff and bidders about options for staff. Many staff views the opportunity to work with an organization that specializes in their field as valuable others will prefer redeployment or simply redundancy. (Gladwin 2002) Sometimes the sale, lease or sublicense of put is also involved. It is therefore important that complete asset valuation is undertaken as part of the process of delimitate an organizations current service and preferred requirements.The organization must know what equipment and other physiologic property it has, including consumables, what contracts are currently used in the provision of the service and relevant details of those contracts. It is common for specialist outsourcing companies to seek transfer of existing staff to do the work. An organization can facilitate this process by allowing communication between staff and bidders about options for staff. All these need to be considering when the company decides to outsource its distribution activities to the external agents. (Jepsen 2004)As noted, there are many advantages for companies who choose outsourcing as means of pleasant their logistics need, but just as there are advantages there are also disadvantages. Outsourcing is based upon fundamental principles and, if those are applied at the outset of relationship, the parties will most likely have an effective, successful relationship. however if the parties enter into an agreement that is not based on those principles, the result will be an unsatisfactory relationship and, probably, an early termination of the contract. (Karliner 2000)

Poetry by Gwen Harwood Essay

Ideas and the way those ideas be presented are what makes a poets work characteristic. Choose 2 verses from 1 poet and describe how they testify the distinctive characteristics of this poets work. Gwen Harwood skillfully employs language techniques to explore a variety of distinctive themes and ideas in her poems. This is seen in In The position where Harwood explores the tender-hearted condition finished the simplistic and dull life of her female champion, while in Prize bad she explores multiple universal themes through her male star Professor Eisenbart.Harwood effectively establishes a simplistic meet through her title In the Park to imply the mundane simplicity of the place, the people and the idea. This is enhanced through the simplistic first line as the wo musical composition sits in the park. Here we are introduced to the protagonist with her depressingly dull and monotonous life, clearly portrayed through Hardwoods fancy in describing how the protagonists clothes are out of date. This not only portrays her shabby physical air however overly the idea that she lives in the past and that time has passed her by.The use of negative connotation describing how her devil children whine and bicker, tug her skirt adds to the depressing mood, before Hardwood goes on to tell us that A troika draws aimless patterns in the dirt, helping to that reinforce her lack of purpose in life. The par exclusivelyel entendre of the someonea being too late on two levels effectively conveys that she is too late to show disinterest to him and that it is too late for her and this lost love to regain a close relationship.Harwoods expert employment of the cliched expressions of how nice and time holds great surprises conveys how dull and pointless their chat is to reinforce the superficiality of the situation and the pointlessness of their reunion as his neat head has no remnant of communication left over(p) to share with her. Furthermore, the womans low self esteem is portrayed as she interprets his of the words but for the grace of God as his relieved sense of having escaped her monotonous lifestyle.The vague and unimportance of their conversation is enhanced as they stand a while in flickering light whilst rehearsing the childrens call and birthdays. Harwood implies the facade of interest the man takes in the children who whine, and bicker, yet ironically the woman is talking to the mans departing smile. Her uninviting and uninspiring lifestyle which is perhaps causing him to leave. A sense of maternally love is represented in he poem as the woman is nursing the youngest child. The ambit of the Madonna-like child on her implies something very different when we see her as she sits staring at her feet, her apathy replaces caring and the boredom of her life replaces her joys of motherly love. The final line of to the wind she says, they have eaten me alive. , conveys that sadly he is gone(a) and that she is alone, with no one to talk to but the wind, to which she voices the truth of her pain and disillusionment.The ideas from In the Park are also reflected similarly in another of Harwoods poems, Prize Giving where the arrogant Professor Eisenbart is personal line of credited to the dominating Titian-haired young lady. The poem immediately establishes Professor Eisenbart as an abhorrent character through the use of connotative language in rudely declined. The professor is implied as stodgy and old fashioned character when pressed with dry bookworm jokes where he changes his mind and decides to grace their humble platform.This portrays the humble status of the school in cable to his arrogance and favourable position, which is further exemplified when he appeared and the girls whirred with an insect nervousness, implying that he sees himself as a light theyre attracted to. This gruelling imaging not only suggests the mood of interest in him but also the sound of the assembly as a collective. The head is differentiated in humble black who flapped round and steered her guess, superior in silk and fur, which characterizes her as comparatively less ego-centric that the resplendently dressed guest.Alternately, she feels a sense of surcharge in others around her and in what she is doing when it is clear that Professor Eisenbart concerns only for himself. In the third stanza, the girls are referred to as half-hearted blooms tortured to form the schools elaborate crest which creates an image of the flower arrangement that is the assembly. This imagery personifies the girls as reluctant to represent the school, but also symbolises their innocent flowering into womanhood which makes Eisenbart scowl in violent distaste, conveying that his indifference has turned into revulsion.The simile when Eisenbart then recomposed his features to their best advantage cabalistic in thought, with one hand placed like Rodins Thinker further enhances his self image of conceit and superficial self control f or appearance sake as he stages this pose in this allusion to the classic thinker statue. Eisenbart vies the girls as a mosaic of young heads, Blonde, black, mouse brown as all he sees is a colour pattern of heads and does not ack in a flashledge the girls individually. However, this is changed when underneath a light ne girl sat grinning at him, her hand bent under her chin in ridicule of his own. Here, a spotlight is shone, in Eisenbarts mind, onto the titian haired girl who shows an amused military position as she seems to interrupt him as no one else does. His closer observation now beyond the mosaic shoes a flicker of interest in him, as opposed to his previous disinterest. He remains uncaring and uninterested by the host of virgin hands until once again he is challenged by the girl with titian hair who stood up, hitched at a stocking, winked at near-by friends.He notes all this detail move by move as implied by the punctuation in her attitude of directness, self-composure, s elf-composure and ultimately intention of some act to shatter his originator. The youthful titian haired girl challenges his calm age and power of knowledge, experience and authority as she transforms before him and becomes a powerful person in her passion and her arrogance well beyond his own. From his indifference, he is now the suffered victim to her strange eyes, against precedent dark. Harwood uses figurative language here to emphasize the change of his perspective as the power is now turning to her.Here there is a challenge between his logical sense of reason and the eyesight strange eyes of this titian haired girl. They are odd to him because they allude the sense of reason that he lives by and she defies. The power and passion of the girl has forged his rose-hot dream and his own power is a fake, a forgery, in contrast to hers. The final stanza in this poem reveals that age and power can be challenged as Eisenbarts false superiority is seen through the eyes of the titian haired girl. Synecdoche is employed when Eisenbart is summoned by arrogant hands to show the girls power.She is symbolised by the power of her music, characterized as titian-haired to imply her passionate nature and her eyes that see through Eisenbarts superficial superiority and arrogance. Her power is further conveyed as Eisenbart teased his gown, showing his sexual unease and realisation that his self image is weakened. His perspective changes as the young and fiery girl defeats him by deflating his self- image and superiority. Eisenbart now sees himself differently as he peered into a trophy which suspended his image upside down a sage fool trap.His composure has left him and his self-image is reflected in her trophy as he is mirrored upside down, symbolically converse and up-ended. The oxymoron in sage fool demonstrates that he is controlled by her power. The ideas presented in Gwen Harwoods poetry is made distinctive through her use of a variety of themes and language techniqu es. The powerful ideas represented in In the Park and Prize Giving explore multiple universal themes and give the reader a better shrewdness into the human condition.

Impacts of Energy Consumption

The Impacts of push Consumption sexual climax home from a long day at school, I tell myself, Damn, Im hackneyed On top of that, its blazing hot placeside, so I set my hold in to the last possible temperature so that my apartment end cool down quickly. After I adjust the temperature, I go to the bathroom and then leave the lightens on from laziness. Fin aloney, I turn on the television to take care something until I f entirely fast asleep. The end of the month comes along and I walk to my mailbox to score for any bills and nigh thing you know I confine a staggering bill from tabun PowerIts nonhing that I should be surprised about beca recitation I open false habits when it comes to leaving things on and setting my thermostat. Im pretty sure Im not the only soul with an energy-consuming problem. I know that millions of people do the same things I do. Reducing my energy consumption is a challenge that I want to take on to better myself and the environment, which is a assortment for the good that i have great interest in. I looked at my energy bill for the by month and I did some calculations money wise. When looked over some energy facts on the Energy maven site, it made me realize something.According to Energy Star, the government agency that helps us all save money on energy and protect the environment at the same time, the air conditioning unit consists of approximately 50% of your monthly electric bill (Save Energy at Home). Last month, my bill came up to $70. 71, which is high for me beca occasion I dont really run anything in my apartment precisely T. V, lights, internet, and my laptop. I barely use my stove or microwave because Im one of those college students who eats out all the time because I backsidet cook. Half of $70 is $35.On top of that, the unit potty perchance use more(prenominal) than fifty percent if you dont maintain it properly. Sealing and insulating ducts tidy sum improve the efficiency of your erupting and cool ing system by as much as 20 percent and sometimes much more (Save Energy at Home). That being said, it would use less energy and cost less. Energy Star also labels that leaving things plugged in eventide when they are not using it, can consume energy. It does indeed show a difference if you confide leaving things that you dont use unplugged (Save Energy at Home).It saved me easily-nigh 50 kWh which doesnt seem like much but its something. Next, since an HVAC unit can possibly take over your energy costs, we should all know how to edit out our consumption when it comes to the HVAC unit itself. Installing a programmable thermostat can help your HVAC system become more energy efficient (Energy sparing Tips). I was reading a article from the ConsumerMan section of MSNBC and came across an article stating that installing a programmable thermostat can cut your energy costs by 20% (Weisbaum).These systems that we cherish so much can also be sources of emission into the environment w e inhabit. It is said that HVAC systems can be contaminant emission sources (Batterman). find you ever left some food laying around and come to realize that it starting maturation modeling? The EPA conducted a few studies that shown that the HVAC systems are the causes of biological growth, and moisture of which molds use to multiply and grow (Batterman). Therefore, it would probably be a good idea to use programmable thermostats to lower costs and emissions into the indoor environment.These thermostats can minify the emissions when we are not at home or sleep. Aside from the costs of using the infamous HVAC units that we all cherish so much, the environmental changes is something that goes on unnoticed to people including myself. I think that its something that we should remove because of a number of reasons. Energy generation impacts our environment in a way that we dont see. Most of the energy that we use is produced by power plants that use non-renewable resources such as natural louse up, oil, and coil, all of which are considered as fossil fuels. fossil Fuels) Fossil Fuels account for 83% of the Unites States energy consumption (Fossil Fuels). All of these fuels can release harmful things like carbon dioxide, which is a dangerous greenhouse gas (Fossil Fuels). Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere by agricultural practices and by the combustion of fossil fuels (Michaels 5). According to many people and scientists, they believe that this is what may be causing global warming. another(prenominal) energy generating method is Nuclear power plants. This, in my opinion, is the most harmful way to produce energy.When nuclear plants are producing energy, they are rapidly changing the temperature, which also increases evaporation. This then increases rainfall, which can affect agriculture with a lack of good soil (Fossil Fuels). The environmental concern of nuclear energy production comes from the administration of nu clear waste. Spillage and leakage of nuclear radiation into the environment can cause people to infract cancer if they inhale these gases (Fossil Fuels). That being said, I whole tone as if when I use likewise much energy at home and in other places, I cause the releases of these harmful gases my elf. environmental Impact of Power Generation explains that 39% percent of the energy generated today is used to make more energy (Hester 15). So this book argues that consumption is, in fact, an important factor of a consumers environmental footprint. All forms of electric generation can have some type of environmental impact in the world (Hester 17). For example, hydroelectric power plants may not have any impact on the air, but to construct these dams can significantly affect our natural river systems as well as the wildlife that inhabits these rivers (Wittwers 25). What about burn?When coal is used to generate power, things like carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides a re released into the atmosphere (Rowland 35). The environmental Protection Agency requires that the burners of these particular plants have control devices aimed at reducing the amount of emissions that are released. I looked up carbon dioxide in the dictionary just to have an idea of why exactly is it related to global warming. It is said that it is a greenhouse gas that affects the earths radiated balance, which also means that it is straight off related to global warming. Another way to think about the greenhouse effect is to consider that gibe to physics the radiation we receive from the Sun must be equally balanced by the heat Earth radiates out to space. If we were to give back less energy than we receive, our planet would soon be too hot for life. (The Greenhouse Effect) According to the explore that I conducted, it is like a chain reaction. We use too much energy at home, the power plants produce more energy for our high demands, and next thing you know we humans are cau sing global warming.For the past couple of months, I have been getting significantly high electricity bills and I wanted to know exactly what it is that i have been doing to get such high bills when the only things i constantly run in my two sleeping accommodation apartment is one television, a wireless router, a MacBook, and of-course, my HVAC unit. I learned that the problems are exactly what I just said, I constantly run. Not only that, according to online source, your HVAC unit consumes the most electricity in any household that contains one. I decided to do a project to see what I can do to help lower my energy costs as well as have a lesser impact on the environment.I looked over my Georgia Power bill and I apparently consumed 532 kWh cost me $70. 71, and 640 kWh the month before costing me a whopping $82. 69. Thats a lot for one person with only a TV and a computer running. So my goal was to lower those numbers as much as i can by the next billing cycle. Throughout all the question that was conducted, I decided to do exactly what my sources suggested. I set my thermostat to 77 degrees and left it there. I unplugged all of my electrical devices that were not in use and only plugged them in when I was assemble to use them.The next billing cycle was up and I got my bill. For the cycle of March- April, I consumed a pleasant minimum of 364 kWh costing me only a small $52. 55 for that billing cycle. I was excited because my research project had turned out to be a success. Since the last bill, I saved 168 kWh. That was almost gave me $20 dollars in savings. In conclusion, I honestly feel guilty. Before all of this, I left my light on when I wasnt using them, left my television on when I wasnt reflexion it, and I even leave my office active when I wasnt in my office.When I say active, I mean my printer stays on at all times as well my desktop and monitor. I just never turn off my computer. It almost seems as if Im harming the environment with my bad habits especially because I have a habit of leaving on my air conditioning because I either like my apartment freezing cold or blazing hot, depending on the weather and how I feel. The sources that I have introduced have plenty of reasons why people should strive to reduce our energy consumption so we can less impact the environment, ozone layer, and our utility bills.For one, I now feel better about knowing that Im are contributing to a change that is bettering the environment and Im even happier with myself knowing that I cut my electric costs by a percentage. Nowadays, I plug out everything electrical when I go to class and I now unremarkably cut off my HVAC unit a majority of the day to reduce the humidity in my apartment, which contributes to mold and mildew. Works Cited Batterman, Stuart. HVAC Systems as Emission Sources. Washington U. S environmental Protection Agency, 1995. Print. Energy Saving Tips. aptitude Smart. Energy Star. Web. 20 Apr. 2012. . Environmental Impact of Nucle ar Power. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Jan. 2012. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. . Fossil Fuels. Institute for Energy Research. Web. 20 Apr. 2012. . Rowland, R. H. , K. E. Gould, and E. McDonald. Environmental Impacts of Dispersed and Concentrated Siting of Coal-fired Power Plants. Palo Alto, CA Electric Power Research Institute, 1984. 35. Print. The Greenhouse Effect. Earthguide Educational Resources in Earth, Marine, Environmental and Planetary Sciences.University of California. Web. 20 Apr. 2012. . Michaels, Patrick J. , and Robert C. Balling. The Satanic Gases Clearing the Air about Global Warming. Washington, D. C. Cato Institute, 2000. Print. Save Energy at Home. Saving Energy At Home. Energy Star, 03 Jan. 2012. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. . Weisbaum, Herb. Will Programmable Thermostat save Me Money? Msnbc. com. Msnbc digital Network, 26 Sept. 2007. Web. 20 Apr. 2012. . Wittwer, S. H. Food, Climate, and Carbon Dioxide The Global Environment and World Food Production. Boca Raton Lewis, 1995. 25-26. Print.

Informative Essay About Advertisement and Slogans Essay

In 1970, the New York propagation has published an advertisement for a book with the final rating It is the Real Thing , a catchword generally intentd by the Coca-Cola guild in presenting their product. This situation arouses the question whether it is infringement or non using this theme for the diary of a Harlem Schoolteacher by Jim Haskins. This essay depart contain arguments against the achievable action to use this theme. On the one hand there constantly is a connector between company and its marketing slogans and on the other hand these slogans are important and valuable for companies in brand-building and marketing.There always is a certain corporation between a company or product and its useful slogans. If sight think of the sentence Its the real thing most of them must think unwillingly of the caffeinated take in Coca-Cola. Advertisements using this slogan have been shown regularly on TV, in magazines, on posters or even on radio for many years, always connected with the Coca-Cola Company. In this way this connection enters the subconscious of many bulk. It is possible that feelings can be involved with this connection or maybe there are good experiences, which people are sharing when they read or hear this word order.Its the Real Thing has rifle part of our cultural vocabulary and this is why no other products would better fit to that slogan than Coca-Cola. That connection can non be broken. As you can see there always will be a connection between a company and its product and their slogans. Slogans and catchphrases are very important and valuable for companies in brand-building and marketing. The intellectual why companies trademark their fictive and catchy sentences is that they can be sure that there will not be another firm, which could use those slogans for its advertisements.This shows that slogans can play a huge role in marketing a product. They represent the product and stand for the work quality of a company and people will refer to slogans. If a companys product shows quality and simultaneously offers a catchy and creative slogan, there would be automatically a brand-building of that company. Mr. Herbert, an executive of the Coca-Cola company, thinks if the real thing would be used by another company, it would dilute the distinctiveness of the trade slogan and diminish its effectiveness and value as an advertizement and merchandising tool (Herbert).He feels it necessary to have the assurance that only the Coca-Cola company has the right to use this signature saying. In the end it becomes clear that slogans are important and valuable for companies in brand-building and marketing. In conclusion, this mark slogan cannot be used in advertising another product than drinks of Coca-Cola. Slogans are important in connecting the product with the people and they are also valuable for companies in brand-building and marketing and this is why Groove root on must discontinue the use of Its the real thing.

Hairy Ape Character Analysis Essay

Style The Hairy Ape was done in the expressionist style of theater. Expressionism is the theatrical proficiency which will use the staging and setting to show the characters inner emotion or the keep the understructure constantly within the audiences sight. In Expressionism, characters do non act or babble the way they really would, everything is extreme to prove a point. In Expressionism plausibility is deliberately altered by the author to make the theme clear.Characters Yank Yank represents the lower class. He depicts the objet dartner in which it is the ram down at the bottom of society that allows society to run. Yank also represents how people can be skilled and persuaded to be comfortable in a situation that may not be best for their personalized development and become unable to fit in elsewhere. Yank is depicted in the play as Neanderthal and ape-like, not only in his speech, but also in his physical description. Yank and his channelmates be initially described as ?h airy-chested, with long arms of tremendous power, and low, receding brows? The sends combination is kept in constant hunched over pip due to his quarters on the ship Yank, at the outset of the play is even proud of his stick. Yank is so comfortable in his position that he lives in false security that he controls his surroundings. He feels that it is he who is better. He repeatedly states how it is he who makes the ship run. Not even realizing that he has mentally dehumanized himself he states that he is the ship.Yank plainly has no issue with his position, has never given it any thought and criticizes other shipmates who do, until he is observed by Mildred Douglas, who proclaims upon seeing him Oh, the filthy beast. It is at this point that Yank realizes he not simply a incision giving the ship motion, he is more than an animal or creature, he is a man. He is infuriated by Mildreds comment and seeks to prove his worth.Yanks desire to prove himself throws him into fighting he is no longer able to fit in as he did in his prior position on the ship and finds he does not belong in society outside the ship either.During Yanks moments of thought, of attempting to find himself and his position in life ONeill depicts him in the same position as Rodins sculpture The Thinker. This particular sculpture was Rodins depiction of what he truism as a brutish, almost Neanderthal type man, contemplating his existence and place in the world, which describes Yanks position quite well.Mildred Douglas Mildred Douglas is the upper class of society. She claims sociological interest when she requests a tour of the stokehole, but does not truly perform any kind of social work in the play. She claims herself a by-product of her loaded society. Mildred served as a tool to bring about Yanks personal dilemma. paddy field Paddy is a nostalgic character. He speaks of when he was a sailor as a young man and being at one with the sea. Paddy represents when man and nature were one. Pa ddy is resigned to the position he is in now, but longs for his good old days. Yank is unable to relate to this perspective, as he views himself as part of the ships mechanics. immense Long is a glimpse to the future towards social change. Unlike Yank, Long is aware of the barbarous treatment of the ships stokers. He speaks of the separation of the classes and its unfairness. Long speaks of ideas such as the men on the ship being voters and citizens and how the ships crew are more than merely slaves. Yank is unable to understand Longs point of view or his class-consciousness, instead, Yank considers him a preacher and a wimp.

Occupational Therapy vs Physical Therapy

Many race might question the relationship between occupational therapy and somatogenic therapy. Some think the professions are the same(p) or that the terms are the same there are a few different therapies for great deal who have been faced with a stroke, a disability, or any injury that has caused physical restrictions. The methods and techniques used in these therapies can overlap with each other, but both occupational therapy and physical therapy covers all aspects of the patient ofs health including their physical, psychological, and mental state. Occupational therapists and physical therapists are similar when it comes to training.The fields of occupational and physical therapy unremarkably involve the training of patients and improving the abilities of their motor functions. Occupational therapists and physical therapists share certain areas such as body awareness, strength and endurance, classroom positioning and adaptations, and sensory motor skills. They both involve ac cessing the medical floor of the patients as well as evaluating their current performances, setting therapeutic remnants, developing a plan, and applying a intervention that enables the patient to function better.After an illness, serious injury, or surgery, you may recover slowly. One may get to regain their strength, relearn lost skills or find new ways of doing things they once did. The process is called rehabilitation. reclamation often focuses on occupational therapy to help the patients with their daily activities. Physical therapy is needed to help their fitness, mobility, and strength. One drill of how a similar activity might be used in occupational therapy versus physical therapy is where the patient might be asked to clear on a crossword puzzle or another activity.In occupational therapy, the OT would be watching to see how well the patient is able to understand and spot the haggle among other letters, and the patients capacity to hold the pencil steadily and circl e the word. In the physical therapy setting, the PT might have the patient stand up at the table if he/she unremarkably sits in a wheelchair and maintain his/her balance while circling the words. For this certain activity the gross motor controls would be more of the focus.There are also some differences between Occupational therapy and Physical therapy that may vex each therapy distinctive from each other. Occupational therapy mainly focuses on evaluating and improving the patients available abilities. The OT does not directly treat a persons injury but they do help the patient gain back their freedom and their ability to accomplish their daily activities. The occupational therapists main heading is to improve life skills and most of the time involves adaptive equipment.On the other book, physical therapy is focused on treating the patients injuries itself and helping prevent further injuries. The PT will gather a diagnosing and treat the physical source of the problem like t he structures and injured tissues. A physical therapist studies in the main over the musculoskeletal system and the anatomy. Occupational therapists receive extra training in oral and hand skill interventions and physical therapists obtain more training in the postural development and gross motor.The parking lot and easy dividing line is, occupational therapists work with the patients body from the waist up, and physical therapists work with the patients body from the waist down. Although occupational and physical therapy uses different methods when treating the patients, the number one goal for both professions is the same they both solve the function of maintaining the fitness and overall health of the individual. Both of the professions make every effort to cover all the aspects of the human health such as mental, physical, and psychological.