The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

The Crucible by Arthur Miller EssayWhen a conflict arises, many people plunk for back and watch as their beliefs are trampled on, just sometimes one person will stand up and die for what they believe and inspire any those with similar beliefs. Of the many people who died in the Salem witch trials, one man stands out as a true martyr who died in the quest of justice and whose actions served as a model for all the people in Salem. In The Crucible, Arthur Miller portrayed the character of Giles Corey as a martyr through with(predicate) his salubrious convictions, honesty, concern for justice, and his willingness to die for these causes. Giles Corey, a man of strong beliefs, refused to give the authorities the lie they demanded, therefore, he died a martyr.Unlike many of the people of Salem, Giles Corey held loyal to his strong convictions. When he believed something was wrong, he refused to sit and passively accept the injustice, just instead notified the authorities and de manded a fair trial. When his married woman was being wrongly incriminate of witchcraft, Giles stood up for her, yelling in woo Youre hearing lies, lies (84). Giles is clearly concerned with the legality and frequently pleads with the court to reject the girls statements and understand that they were telling lies about his wife (85). Again, he pursues justice when he urges the court to hear Mary Warren confess that she and the other girls had lied. He introduces her by stating she comes now to tell the truth (88). Giles Corey demonstrates his strong beliefs through his preoccupation with truth and justice in the witch trials.Not only was Giles Corey adamant about justice and other peoples truthfulness in the court, but also he showed that he was an honest man and therefore refused to give an untruthful confession. When Proctor was accused of plowing on Sunday, Giles reminded the court that there were other Christians that do plow on Sunday if the truth be known (91). Giles again offered honest information to the judges, explaining that he had been thirty-three time in court (95). Even if that information made him look bad during his trial, he always felt compelled to tell the truth. Because he had told the truth before and his wife had suffered because of it, Giles refused to speak in court explaining I mentioned my wifes name once and Ill burn in hell long enough for that. I stand mute (97). Giles neverlied, but when he realized that the truth could hurt other people, he simply refused to give any information to the authorities.Following his strong convictions and refusing to lie, Giles Corey died a martyr, suffering a slow put painful death not for personal reasons but for justice in his community. The only words Giles Corey spoke when they placed the stones on his consistence and demanded a confession were More weight, symbolizing his refusal to lie and his intentions to die in the name of truth (135). Goody Proctor noted that he had remained mute and died Christian under the law making him an example in the community and keeping his name clear from guilt so that his children could keep his farm and continue their lives (135). after hearing the news of Giles strong character and martyrdom, John Proctor declared that he had to confess because he could not mount the gibbet like a saint the way Giles had done (136). Proctor revered Giles for his noble deed and was eventually inspired to give up his own life for the people he loved.Sometimes it is necessary to die so that beliefs and morals may live on. As a man of strong principles who refused to give in to the authoritys demands to sacrifice truth for a quick solution, Giles Corey died a martyr. He held strong to his belief in the importance of truth and chose to give no statements over one that could potentially castigate a friend, family member, or himself. He was a model for the people of Salem in that he accepted his punishment so that they could rid themselves of the plagues of a townsfolk wide witch hunt. When justice is in danger of dying, a human death often seems the only way to save such a cause.

North and South Differences Essay Example for Free

North and South Differences EssayWhen the pioneers from Great Britain came to The new world, now known as America, they regain themselves all over this new land that they had discovered. They divided themselves up into colonies. They had colonies in the north and colonies in the to the south, both being different from each other do to the climate and geography. In the northern colonies the main economic goals were centered on the industrial business side of things. They produced tons of goods, which allowed them to be able to merchandise a lot of what they produced. Also they did a lot of fishing, which was a major business in the northern colonies.The grey colonies, unlike the northern colonies, had an economic system found on agriculture and plantations. They also kept their economy growing by having imported or forced labor with the slave trade going on. The south had a lot of hard work that needed to be done and they needed people to do it for them, so they saw slavery as a solution to that problem. The north on the other hand, like I said, was industrial ground so they didnt have a ton of hands on working jobs like the south. The Labor wasnt near as hard for the north so they didnt really get into slavery that often. Religion in the northern and southern colonies was also a little bit different. In the north there were more religious settlements, which means that they had more of freedom when it came to worship and things like that. In the south religious activities aligned with Angicans. Which means they did things like the people in Great Britain did. They had the same views on religion as the Britains and didnt have very much freedom in their religion views.The social views from the northern colonies believed that above all that their time should be spent in productive labor. They had large families and enjoyed drinking. They sang, dance, and made music but did all of these things at the appropriate time, and didnt get excessive with how mu ch they did it. They did not see awaken as evil, but believed that people should be married if they did do it. In the south, due to all the economy being based on plantations, society was based on class and race, which made it difficult for everyone to come together into agreement on things. The government was set up in towns and didnt have much communication with all the towns as one. The northern colonies were more bonded and had mayors, fire departments, police stations, and other things set up like a real government should. The southern colonies combined with the northern colonies produced a pretty good economical system, the southhaving the agriculture side and the north having the industrial side. This made our kind with England strong because we had things that they would necessity to trade with us. We affected Englands economy positively, which made our relationship strong. The northern colonies strayed away from Englands strict religious views so this sort of hurt the re lationship between the north and England, but it didnt hurt the relationship that bad. It wasnt till after the French and Indian war, where the relationship between the colonies and England started to go set down hill.After the French and Indian war when England started to tax the colonies, the south had a lot of Tories these were people who did not want to rebel against England. The northern colonies most everyone was in favor of rebelling. So the South had a better relationship with England if you put all the factors together. Even though both of the colonies had their differences, they also had their similarities. Both relied on trade to an extent, both struggled with their economies at first, both had dreams of creating a new society. They both came from the same place, Great Britain, and wanted to start something new and be the beginning of something new. Even with the mixed bag of the north and south, eventually we came together, and made America what it is today, one of the greatest countries on Earth. Our diversity defines us, and I believe it makes us stronger as a whole.

Post-election Economic Implications for South Africa

Post-election Economic Implications for South AfricaJasper KotzeIntroductionSouth-Africa is a rustic with a vexed past as it is for any developing country. We have had our wars and internal conflict b arely one of the thumpinggest mistakes we made is dress outtle down haunting South-Africa today. We never invested enough in our people and when we did it was and in a small portion of the population. This puzzle was not so app argonnt at first because of how rich in lofty value minerals and agricultural land we had this in turn allowed our economy grow at a great pace. While the mining industry in South-African exports is still very large it is at the lowest point it ever was and will only shrink in times to come. Today our government is struggling with this problem as we have a barley educated population heading into and age of growing globalization where a skilled labor force is critical. Depending how devalued we develop and improve as a country will intern influence our global standing as a stable economy that the worldwide market will want to invest in. Priorities of resource allocations are made by government and is closely watched and monitored by the world. This makes election times a critical point in economical time as the decisions we make as the people and the government will determine the effects on the economy. reading and Unemployment mavin of the critical parts of the economy is a skilled work force. Education is the starting point for the development of a laborer or an employed person. It is the backside of the entire economy and links into every aspect of the economy. If you look at the problems that are caused by an uneducated or largely illiterate nation it is keel to see how many problems South-Africa is facing is linked to education. Education is linked to employment as a requirement, this intern links to the inverse in uneducated to unemployment and great term unemployment leads to greater levels of poverty and poverty leads to crime. But if there is no job there can be no employment even if you are educated. This is where education promotes entrepreneurship and successful entrepreneurs start businesses that employ more people as they grow. One of the big reasons why education will start to play a bigger and bigger role in South-Africa is because the demand for crude metals is dropping. We are moving to into the age of technology that is becoming more and more refined and advance(a) in size. This requires high prime(prenominal) products that intern requires a high quality labor force and the quality of your labor force is determined by their education. Because of the talent effect technology has on business there is a colossal increase in company capital investment into technology and fewer and fewer physical labor will be required in the future. For example The cars that we drive are not welded by skilled workers they are welded by automated robots.The Solidarity Research institutes (2011) did a guinea pig on the labor market and matriculates. This study was a great source to quantify the scale of the education problem in South-Africa. presently in South-Africa we have a total population of 50.6 million of that 32.5 million is in working age. Of the 32.5 million of working age only 40.9% are employable, this percentage is as well called the absorption rate. Currently average absorption stated by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is at 65%. We are fall back far behind our population is in addition young and far more people are reaching working age that the amount of people at are retiring. Looking at the effect of the recession our absorption rate fell by 5% from 2008 to 2011 this.The extent of the education problem is also highlighted. Currently of the population older than 19 only 11.2% have tertiary education, 26.2% finished Matric, 37.5% has not finished high school, 18% have not finished first school and 7% have no education. There ha s been a steady increase in the levels of education but the big problem is that it is happening too slowly. The biggest reason for this is too many children are dropping out of the education system and eventually adds to the unemployment rate. To show this of the amount of grade 1 students that start only 45.7% make is to matric and of that amount only 29.8% pass the exam. The alarming problem is that government prize themselves with a high matric pass rate but the real figure is much more alarming and a true representation of the situation that our education system finds itself in.Another issue discussed in this study is the quality of your school system and the alarming requirements set for a student to passThe picture painted does look grim but what has the Government do and planned in recent years? Looking at some big freshlys for the education industry on Southfrica.info (2014) the government budgeted for the period of 20142015 20% of the budget for the maintenance and develo pment of education, a total sum of R253-billion. The money will to a large extent be used build new schools. 433 new schools are to be developed in the coming 3 years and this will aid children the more than 9 million in the country side. The government has largely improved on the free school initiative. There has been an increase of 20% of schools that are free from the 40% figure of 2007. This had a big increase of the amount of children that can now attend school with a figure of 5 million in 2007 to 8.8 million in 2014. The government has also launched a school nutrition program that feeds all of these children this helps these children stay healthy and acts as an incentive to keep them in the education system. To improve on the quality of education and increase the total of qualified teachers the government started the Funza Lushaka bursary scheme for students who want to teach in the public schools. The scheme has helped produce 3000 graduates so far that are ready for placeme nt in public schools. For tertiary education 21% of the education budget will be spent on National scholar Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) (R19 billion) and university subsidies (R21 billion). South-Africa can now be proud of its first university built in democratic times seen on Southfrica.info (2014). This is a huge achievement seeing that the last university that was built Rand Afrikaans University (RAU) , was 46 years ago. One other great initiative from government is the Green Paper for Post-School Education and Training. Explained and summarized Yuven Gounden(2012), the aim of the paper is to help integrate the government development plans and strategies with all tertiary education institutions and address the education backlog. The plan also mentions all the goals and objects set out by the department of education and how government funding will be used to achieve the set goals up to 2030.

Place Branding And Sustainable Development Marketing Essay

rate cross outing And Sustainable Development Marketing EssayAccording to Tasci and Kozak, as an interdisciplinary ara, touring carry borrows and applies many aspects from other orbital cavitys of inquiry stigmatization is one of them from the field of selling (p.300). This chapter is to examine the discipline that encompasses literature on the habitation grime. It is comprised of two parts. The first part concerns with array disgraceing and its imperfectioning initiatives, and the second part is regarding the soil get a line formation member of touristry endpoint that leads to sustainable harvest-feast of the touristry industry.This literature review is shared into several sections. It begins with a general discussion of pop out trade, following on with a clear distinction regarding the term step up strike out and the term post brand from a marketing perspective. Moreover, view mark lead be examined to illustrate the relationship of branding and in t ourism literature, with unhomogeneous train branding context such as brand individualism, brand render and brand equity.Marketing of a PlaceMarketing of a get is defined as a strategic planning procedures attempted by places brand developers with the objectives of satisfying the variety needs of target markets (Kotler et al, 1999). Market-a-place is able to make up positive contribution to the preservation of a country. However, in that location is a shifting from earlier narrow view of economic victimisation to broader qualify of strategies and plans since the past few decades (Govers Go, 2009). These strategies are aimed at attracting unsanded personalised line of credites, strengthen traditional culture of a country, developed global trade, build tourism industry and target local anaesthetic and foreign investors from outside the country (Kotler et al, 2008). Further more, slightly places bring on transformed their informal economic campaigns into highly target ed, stylish marketing strategies aimed at building competitive markets within respective(a) consumer segments, targeting unique(predicate) buyers, and positioning the communitys resources in order to respond to the specific buyers needs and wants (Maheshwari et al, 2011). Hence, many countries aim to promote economic appendage by improving their physical infrastructure with high engineering science facilities, at that placeby upgrade the place image which in turn brings in more business opportunities and growth. Moreover, marketing a place is not considered to be more than just carrying out few promotional activities, but it involves specific planning initiatives that is designed to encourage the processes that would further increase a place identity and profile, thusly attractive more new inner investments, improving the infrastructure and strengthening the public and private sector serve. As a result, developing an effective place marketing strategies is now considered to be the important focal point to local economic phylogenesis plans (Walker, 2000).Place BrandPlace brand is the peoples perception somewhat a place, region or a country and similarly the reputation of a place among those people that the place embraces (Anholt, 2005). Place brand is considered complex and multi-dimensional form with constantly changing reputation as people pass on have different perceptions of a place no matter from residents, investors or visitors. According to Anholt (2005), place brand is various individual perceptions and beliefs which coincide at some point but may have different point of view from others. Gold (2006) justify that place brand is residual perception left in the mind of recipient regarding a place after encountering its various facets either through and through their testify experience, expose towards the media, through word-of-mouth or from purchasing of goods and services.Likewise, the worlds marketplace is currently going through the phas e of globalisation. According to Kotler and Gerner (2004), place brand is considered an important need because of the advancement of technology, and increase mobility of people and resource in this 21st century. Moreover, the advance brand theories of city marketing, nation branding and end marketing (Anholt, 2004) such as those applied specifically to countries, destinations, regions and cities have been developed to increase their respective images. Largely, this has been achieved by nurturing the tangible and intangible assets of a place, such as culture and heritage, aborigine architecture, local skills, prosperous communities and investments for good future growth.Place brand is thus a process that pass on facilitate the creation of the most realistic and most get strategic vision for a city, region or country (Placebrands, 2006). This is to ensure that a place screwing get appreciation that it deserves for its existent strengths and positive attributes and behaviours, and that the place brand gains capture brand equity from the recognition which those behaviours bring (Keller, 2008). Also, place brand provides a far broader spectrum of research areas if compared to those associated purely with conventional brand management, and brand strategy. It has attracted interest from the areas of sociology, history, study identity, geography and politics. Nevertheless, place brand still remains as an area that is still predominantly practitioner-led and where academic research-led knowledge has been slow to accumulate, although great interest from academics is now beginning to develop.Place BrandingThe concept of place branding is consisting of many parts and elements, which requires an in-depth analysis of the literature. As such, to define the term place is essential for this research. According to Buhalis (2000), place is considered as an amalgams of tourism carrefours, which eject offer an integrated experience to the people (p.97). As a result, a pl ace is something of inter miscellanyable products and experiences that are available rather than geographical scale and cultural diversity. So a place rear end be comprised of a immense variety of diverse attributes which it can be called as a city, a country or a continent. Hu and Ritchie (1993) explained that a tourism place is a package of tourism facilities and services in which like any other consumers product or service, is composed of a human action of multidimensional attributes that unitedly determine its attractiveness to a circumstance individual in a given filling of situation (p.26). Indeed, a tourism place is much subjected to different individual perceptions and thus there is a need for differentiation and competitiveness transpires. As a result, the ability to attract the tourists attention to a particular place and to spark their curiosity can be achieved by the means of place branding. Meanwhile, Hankinson (2004) defined branding in the context of a place br and as the built environment in which the various services forming part of the core brand take place (p.117). Another author Fan (2006) argued that nation branding is concern with applying branding and marketing communication theory techniques in order to promote a nations image (p.6). Further explanation from this author is that place branding is to promote the country or city as a destination for tourism (Fan, 2006, p.7). As a matter of fact, wide definitions have been suggested for place branding due to lack of agreement among academics (Pike, 2008). Regardless of the wide array of place branding definitions within the academic literature, place branding can best describe in this research as (a) the set of marketing activities that support the creation of name, logo or other graphic that can identify and come apart a place (b) a brand that can give a memorable plumpling experience that is associated with that place (c) activities that can serve to create a branding image that positively specifys consumer choice of destination (Blain et al, 2005).To differentiate a place from the rest of the competitors is a key function of a place branding. The ability to capture the attention of potential tourist to a place and to foster an randy connection between the individual and destination is essential element of brand effectiveness (Morgan Pritchard, 2004). According to Nickerson and Moisey (1999), showing the feelings and emotions in place marketing campaigns will capture the attention of consumers, but not all will have the same feeling and perceptions. Rather than capture the feeling of consumer through photo, it would be more effective to provide visual image with feature such as mountain or sea that will allow the consumer to have the common sense of relaxation, physical challenge or spirituality. To enhance succeederful connection between customer emotion and that particular place, a place brand must be deliverable, differentiating, conveying powerful ideas and must be enthusing for stakeholders, especially the consumer. As a result, if a place has the capable to market itself through positive image building, it will help to differentiate itself among other places that offering the same characteristics (Cai, 2002). Further explanation from Moilanen and Rainisto (2009) is that strong field of study brand must not only attract business and investments, it must also help to promote the goals of the tourism industry that will strengthen the case identity. Moilanen and Rainisto (2009) identified that brand development process takes a coarse period of time with time span of five to ten years, due to the numerous steps involved in the process this include (a) start-up and organise, (b) research stage, (c) forming brand identity, (d) making execution and enforcement plan, and (e) implementation and follow up. sensation of the critical elements of place brand is positioning. Positioning is establishing an image for a product or servic e in relation to others in the marketplace (Hudson, 2005, p.54). To attain competitive advantage in the marketplace, three steps under positioning are needed to be followed product differentiation, prioritising and selecting the competitive advantage, and communication and delivering the position. Moreover, Pike (2008) noted the three core positioning elements for a place, including the place name, the symbol and the positioning slogan (p.299). These are important as they represent something good about a place and that help to differentiate the product from the competitors. Yet, brand logo is important as it is the visual representation of a product, service, company or a place that is being advertised. Logo should be able to achieve product identification and differentiation, as well as to arrange consumer consciousness and enhance recognition (Blain et al, 2005 Henderson et al, 2003). In relation to introducing a place to consumers, the logo should attract and stimulate the inte rest of consumer and influence destination of choice (Blain et al, 2005).Place Brand IdentityAccording to Cai (2002), brand identity is often regarded as a missing link between branding and image building, meaning that image building does not consider the identity. In fact, Olins (2002) argued that despite of changing country names and political contexts, for example, nations have always been engaged in building their identities. Morgan et al (2002) claimed that brand thus represents the identity of a place and is likely to be relevant across markets being the core of the proposition of a country. Hankinson (2004) explained that the destination brand core, which represents an identity of a place, include a statement of brand genius, positioning and brand reality. According to Morgan et al (2002), sometimes brand identity and brand personality is termed as the same. However, Ekinci and Hosany (2006) claimed that brand personality is dealing with human traits and thus is different fr om identity.Research on tourism has traditionally drawn from economic and cultural geography. Approaches animate by cultural geography view identity as an essence of nationhood or community (Palmer, 1999 Ballesteros Ramirez, 2007). Sometimes, marketing and culturally inspired approaches to identity may appear contradictory, because some perspectives see branding as a sense of place, detracting from a countrys essence and superficially commodifying nationhood. However, twain of these approaches seem to view identity as a reality of a destination or restricted as an expression of a brand personality (Cornelissen Harris, 2001).Drawing from identity discussions in marketing and organisational literature, the attempts to a more holistic aspect towards destination identity have occurred. According to Berry (2000), brand identity is not only customers dominant perceptions of the brand, but also constructed in an ongoing relationship with the brand, and adding meaning or value to the c onsumer. Tourists and also residents defined meanings of places by being at places, by consuming and by interacting with others at the place and thereby forming a social communication system (Snepenger et al, 2004). Williams et al (2006) explained that brand identity is determined by the visitors values and how well they align with the experiences that they have encountered. This view emphasises visitors perspective as the source of place brand identity. To conclude, these approaches seem to view a place identity being not something that a destination has but something that will engage in social interaction.In the corporate identity studies, the focus has expanded to employees and other stakeholders besides the customers (He Balmer, 2007). Leitch and Richardson (2003) claimed that the understanding of stakeholders towards the organisation identity is continuously evolving in an unpredictable process and thus corporate brand is considered to be the outcome of an interactive process with stakeholders. Stakeholders may not only involving customers or visitors but also local people, associations, politicians etc. Hence, place identity is identified as originating in the interaction by all components, characteristics and stakeholders of a place. Moreover, in the branding context, place identity and brand identity are in identical context, as customer-centric view sees the place brand identity as a perceptual entity in the customers mind, and the destination-centric view defines brand identity in terms of how the brand owners want the brand to be seen (Kavaratzis Ashworth, 2006).Place Brand ImageHow people see a country or a specific region is developed based on individual basis. As such, how perceived images can be created will solely depends on personal beliefs and demographic factors. According to Pike (2008), the research area related to place image has been studied in the literature of tourism in more than 30 years. Richardson and Crompton (1988) claimed tha t place image is dictated through income and is reflected towards the attributes of vacation. Kozak (2002) noted a variety of factors that may have influence on choice of destination in terms of place image income, age, personality, distance, risk and motivation. Further research is that people perception towards place image will be influence by information source from various media outlets. From the advertising perspective, the challenge would be to capture images that most likely enhancing an image of that particular destination, motivation towards purchase closing and induce visitation (Butler Bennett, 2008). Anholt (2004) explained that in order to develop an individuals perception of a place will be depending upon six areas, based on National Brand Hexagon tourism, exports, governance, investment and immigration, culture heritage, and people. Therefore, how a tourist perceives a place is not only influenced by information sources, but will also influenced by the policies and national identity of that country.There are broad ranges of meanings for the term image and the concepts of place image have been introduced within the academic literature (Cai, 2002 Gali Donaire, 2005 Goodall, 1992). The American Marketing tie (2009) defined brand image as how a brand is perceived in the mind of a consumer, and it is what consumers think, feel and expect about a product. Consequentially, emotional connection in between people and the projected product image is interrelated that will influence their buying behaviour. With regards to image of a place rather than a tangible product, the term place image is defined by Buhalis (2000) as what a traveller expect and perceive towards a destination or a place. Cai (2002) noted that place image are subjective introspections that are held in the mind of the visitor and that illustrate the complexity of a place brand which requires the need to market specific attributes in order to reduce further ambiguity by tourists. To go to a larger extent, the image formation process can be further influence by a promoted place personality. According to Ekinci and Hosany (2006), a place personality is the set of human characteristics in ossification to a place as perceived by tourist rather than from a local resident viewpoint. It is important to identify the personality traits of visitor as there are possible emotional connection between tourist and a particular place. It can be argued that there is a possibility that the place image can be perceived differently based on the type of traveller involved in. For example, a perception of a place by business tourists may have different perceptions by adventure tourists towards a particular place. Added by Bigne et al (2001) is that image will influence a tourist in the process of choosing a stay, the subsequent evaluation of that stay and his or her future intentions of whether he or she will come back to the place again. As a result, place image has a significant fu nction as a place can influence the tourist prior to travel, throughout travel by means of their behaviour, and upon return after their travel experience. Regardless of the place brand being marketed, a place image is often changed by personal stereotypes, past experiences or word-of-mouth. Therefore, even though different types of tourist might view a place differently, it is still an integral part for a place to have the initiative to market the place effectively as this will minimise unsecure feeling among the potential tourists and enhance the identity of that place.Place Brand rightIn the economic context, brand equity is a term defined as the brand value as determined by the consumers, usually in a measurement of performance (Aaker Biel, 1993 Pike, 2008). Brand equity is usually comprised of five assets name awareness, perceived quality, brand associations, brand loyalty and other proprietary brand assets (Asker Biel, 1993). How successful a product or service will be look ing at brand equity, as it is considered the last stage in branding process whereby consumers will be loyal to that particular product or service in long-term period of time. However, for place branding, especially in the tourism context, the measurement of product brand equity as mentioned earlier is ineffective due to the intangibility of the brand itself as a result, consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) was introduced. CBBE is termed as the differential effect of brand knowledge on consumer response to the marketing of the brand, and is made up of two underlying attributes brand awareness and brand image (Keller, 1993, p.8). However, Pike (2008) suggested another four attributes for CBBE brand awareness, brand associations, brand resonance and brand loyalty. It can be explained that brand equity is depending on how consumers are aware of the brand itself (brand awareness), as what the previous researchers have agreed upon. Essentially, increased brand awareness and having positive image will lead to increase consumers choice and in the end to increase tourist arrivals due to effective marketing of the brand (Keller, 1993). More likely, tourist will revisit the place again in the future and revolve good things about the place. Added by this researcher is that there are two different approaches to measuring CBBE, namely the indirect and direct approach. The indirect approach attempts to respect potential source of CBBE through brand knowledge measurement, while the direct approach attempts to measure CBBE more straight by assessing the brand knowledge of consumer through responses of different elements of marketing program. Hence, consumers ability to be able to recognise with a place brand and make associations is a determinant of how effective is the marketing campaign. Aaker (1991) explained that there are 11 types of brand associations product attributes, intangibles, customer benefits, price, application, customer, celebrity, lifestyle/personality, pr oduct class, competitors and country/geographical area (p.114). These associations can help the consumer to relate the brand to specific attributes, therefore increasing brand awareness and to recall the brand information. As a result, the greater the ability consumer can make these associations, the greater likelihood that success can be placed on the marketing initiatives.Place Branding and Sustainable DevelopmentCampbell (1996) claimed that sustainable development is comprises of elusive elements that represent three areas development, blank space and resource conflicts of conventional planning strategy, around which are the key planning goals such as economic growth, social harmony, employment and financial relief and environmental protection. As such, sustainable development involves reformation and restricting of local economic and political policies to regeneration and planning activities all with the aim to have success growth in the future. Meanwhile, to achieve ongoing l ocal development from a places perspective is to consider hosting large events (Andranovich et al, 2001) such as Olympic through the mega-event strategy, like mho Korea (1988), Australia (2000) or China (2008). Studies on places that had hosted or were about to host these games had provide to provide some direct benefits such as infrastructure development, improved frugal and political support. This can show that such mega-events can have positive impacts on brand image and the ability to increase future economic growth of a place that leads to sustainable development of the place.Nevertheless, there are few uncertainties associated with place branding campaigns (might be due to limited funding and tangible resources) which stress to have low raising awareness and limits the differentiation of place branding process to the mere propagation of logos and symbols (Hankinson, 2001). Added by him is that places that have successful attracting appropriate resources have however, succes sful in developing positive brand images for instance, resources such as heritage and history and attractive place-specific facets. Generally, the development of positive brand images such as these has led to the successful transformation of several post-industrial cities, such as Seoul, Beijing, Bangkok into vibrant leisure and business tourism destinations which reflect sustainable development and continuous growth aspects (Ward, 1998). As such, there is very little evidence that place branding are essential drivers of sustainable development of a place. However, harmonize to Pedersen (2004), there were few publications suggested there is a link between successful place branding and sustainability. For example, in a survey in 2002 commissioned by the Malayan Tourism Promotion visiting card, Singapore was seen, by a broad selection of selection of travellers and tourist agents from USA, Japan, India, Germany, Australia, UK and Sweden as clean, modern and safe. Chinas dominant ima ge and attractive feature was culture. Whereas Thailand had a brand image of exotic, fun and friendly people.Tourism as an Economic DevelopmentTourism has contributed to the economic growth of a country, and is considered the most profit-making industry. Yet, the tourism market has the ability to transform an emerging place both positively and negatively. Tourism industry itself has variety of sub-sectors that can cater to different tourists demands. According to Hudson (2005), tourism is a powerful economic force that is able to provide employment, foreign exchange, income and tax revenue (p.4). This identifies that tourism development is a powerful tool for change and cause for rapid global transformation. The interest gained within the academia concerning tourism marketing and place branding is a preview of the importance of place differentiation. Clancy (1999) explained that when developing countries tend to promote tourism, they put into account by greater integration into worl ds economy, leading to direct economic and political effects on the region. With that, the contribution of tourism to the worlds economy will encourage place marketing organisations to become more innovation in their advertisement in order to attract more tourist arrivals. As a result, the importance of place branding and marketing campaigns are vital in this growing global competition. Moreover, the needs of a community are reflected in marketing policies which contributes to the economic development. To achieve this, creative strategies need to be memorable in the market the area and to encourage travel so as to gain economic benefits of tourism, for example, a study of competitive advantage of Oresund region using place branding as tool (Pederson, 2004), and the case of New Zealands tourism development (Ryan Zahra, 2004). As a result, sustainable development is still considered vital in increasing the number of tourists into a country, modernising the infrastructure and encourag e more inward investments.Sarawak Tourism IndustrySarawak is situated in the Borneo Island and is part of the state of Malaysia. It is considered the largest state in Malaysia, and is considered an adventure land covered with a dense rainforest, and jungle-clad hills. Sarawak is a destination that usually provides unique products and experiences to visitors who come to Sarawak. According to Sarawak Tourism Board (2011), Sarawak is the place for history, mystery, romance and exotic adventures. Sarawak tourism started from the cultural tradition and heritage from different pagan groups in Sarawak which successfully attract visitors to come. This ancient rainforest land is a home to 27 ethnic groups, whereby these people have their own language, lifestyle and culture. obscure from that, Sarawaks treasure of natural wonders is best appreciated in its many protected national parks and ancient rainforests like alluring caves and exotic wildlife. Its protected national parks are sanctuar y to rare flora and fauna, such as Orang-utans, proboscis monkey, mouse deer, and a variety of birds, with the far-famed protected wildlife like the hornbills (SEDC, 2010). One of the states most alluring attractions is the Mulu National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site featuring razor-sharp limestone pinnacles (UNESCO, 2012).According to the deputy minister of tourism, Datuk Dr. James Dawos Mamit, he said that there is still a need to come up with effective strategies to promote Sarawak. He encouraged those tourism players to be more active and work together so that Sarawak tourism can be successful in the South East Asia region. Besides that, due to lack of promotion in Sarawak tourism industry, the ministry has set up facilities like websites and fairs in order to promote tourism related products and packages. He also mentioned that industry players should make more effort on their part, citing the clumsy brochures provide by some tour agencies because he observed that they a re not giving good information towards specific destination (Bernama, 2011).In 2009, parson of Urban Development and Tourism, Datuk Michael Manyi set the Sarawak tourism industry a target of 5 million visitors by 2011 (Press Collections, 2009). In association with the announcement of this target, the Sarawak Tourism Board initiated a Discover Sarawak campaign, with the aim to promote Sarawak to the rest of the world. Only 3.8 million outbound and inbound visitors came to Sarawak in 2011. Nevertheless, 3.3 million visitors had visited Sarawak in 2010 (Ministry of Tourism and Heritage Sarawak, 2011). This can be shown that the number of visitors has maintained at about 3 million visitors. Despite the increased marketing effort to attract a greater number of visitors and higher levels of visitor spend, a recent report (Borneo Talk, 2011) has found out that there is still a dominance of day visitors from the immediate surrounding area with low levels of associated visitor spend. Moreov er, there is a perceived belief by local tourism industry that Sarawak suffers from lack of identity and low awareness by potential visitors, especially when compared with other similar but seemingly higher profile destinations, such as Sabah state. As such, Sarawak is frequently omitted from Malaysia travel features in the national press, despite the fact that Sarawak tourism players having embarked on a proactive public relations programme which included hosting a number of visits for travel writers. Although these visits have directly resulted in some positive press coverage in the media, Sarawak still appears to maintain a low profile. Added on is the statement made by the Malaysian Tourism Ministry where efforts had been made over the years to get more flights from international routes to Sarawak but with little progress (Borneo Post, 2012). This has shown that Sarawak has least number of international flights if compared to other states of Malaysia. This can be problematic in such a highly competitive market, as well as economic uncertainty.The question for Sarawak tourism government is why some countries which has the same characteristics as Sarawak are able to attract more visitors than others? There must be few lessons that Sarawak can opt to gain from these countries. It can be said that Sarawak has not focused on active marketing of its tourism industry. Despite the governments interest in making Sarawak as a famous travel and tourism industry among the foreigners, marketing of the industry has not gone beyond the concept of branding.ConclusionThroughout the academic literature within both tourism and marketing disciplines, insight into the different aspects of place branding has confirmed its complexity. While place branding has been researched for decades, place branding initiatives towards sustainable tourism development have not been extensively researched. Nickerson and Mosey (1999) claimed that there is a lack of practical application and fiel d research concerning place branding and the travel determination process of tourists. Also, Boo et al (2009) identified there is also the lack of research of place brand measurement as evaluated by tourists which confirms the complexity of this unblock of place branding. Generally, there is a call for further research combining place branding and sustainable development of tourism destination for travel and choices of place. An deepen understanding of the correlation of these issues will aid in recommending effective place branding strategies in order to ensure tourists satisfaction. The places ability to effectively market itself will require in-depth analysis of image perception and therefore further research will help to conceptualise this multidimensional issue. This paper has combined both tourism and marketing disciplines and had set out to further enhance comprehension of what tourists seek in a place brand.

Role Of The English Language In Malaysia English Language Essay

Role Of The position Language In Malaysia side Language EssayAbstractThis research examines the utilisation of the side talking to in Malaysia, a former British colony in South East Asia from the 18th to the 20th century. My research question asks to what consequence stool incline be a consolidative quarrel in Malaysia? In order to approach the issue, the question has been narrowed down into ii split incline can be a integrate quarrel of Malaysia and incline can non be a unifying talking to of Malaysia. The influence of English in the lives of Malayans much(prenominal) as daily life, workplace and didactics has been examined.There is a dichotomy in views whether English can become a unifying language in Malaysia. unrivaled side believes that English has already become an pregnant part of Malaysian identity, particularly due to its colonial past and its current status of wholeness of the languages of instruction in primary, secondary and tertiary cultivation a nd also the status of business language. There is another view, mainly held by the Malay home(a)ists, opposed to such opinions due to the fact that thither is a huge gap in the English language proficiency between people from the urban and rural atomic number 18as. tether interviews have been conducted as part of the methods of investigation, but the most influential interviewee was Ram Mohann, an English teacher in a Malaysian secondary school. Books, news members and academic journals have been apply as well. The main sources for this research are written by Malaysian professors of linguistics, Azirah Hashim and Loga Baskaran.It is concluded that English can be a unifying language in Malaysia. The conclusion drawn is based on the fact that English plays an important component part in the lives of Malaysians, occult sectors and education in Malaysia. close to importantly, English is also regarded as a language that integrates all(a) Malaysians by the non-Malays. Word count 298IntroductionMalaya (now Malaysia) was a demesne that had been occupied by European superpowers such as the Portuguese, Dutch and the British since the 16th century. However, the ones that really made a linguistic influence on the land were the British. Even though they go forth and granted independence to Malaya in 1957, one legacy that they have left the country is their language, English.English had been the official language of the Straits Settlements, the Federated Malay States and the Unfederated Malay States since the 1800s during the occupation of Great Britain and also served as the official language of Malaysia for a decade after the nations independence in 1957. However, in order to promote national unity and increase the participation of Bumiputra (Malay-ethnic and indigenous people) in tertiary education, the Malaysian government removed English from its official role and promoted the use of Bahasa Malaysia (Malaysian or Malay language) in 1967.1Nevertheless, Eng lish remains a dominant second language in Malaysia. It is still widely used in private companies. For the last two decades, the status of English has been a much debated-upon and jostled- around issue.2In this essay, I forget investigate the role of English in Malaysia today. My research question is as follows to what goal can English be a unifying language in Malaysia? Unifying language moldiness be defined in order to conclude the question. In this case, unifying language refers to the language that joins the people of Malaysia as a whole. I allow for discuss how English is used in galore(postnominal) aspects of Malaysian lives in order to answer my research question. Moreover, the language of instruction in Malaysia go away also serve as a springboard to investigate the role of English in Malaysia.Even though English is no longer an official language in Malaysia and therefore almost baron present that Malaysia is not an Anglophone nation, the widespread usage of English in Malaysia is a fact that is beyond any question. English is a business language and a common language used among ordinary Malaysians, particularly in urban areas. Moreover, it is widely known that many another(prenominal) of the older generation in Malaysia speak English very well.3Some elites plain argue that English and Malay play an equally important role to help mix the people and crap a unique national consciousness.4English is used for a variety of functions in professional and social transactions not merely with the international community but also within the fiat.5In addition, even though all English-medium schools had been changed to Malay-medium schools in the 1980s, the instruction execution of PPSMI (teaching and learning learning and Math in English) form _or_ system of government in all Malaysian public schools since Primary One indicates that the government is not solitary(prenominal) concerning about the globalisation of the nation, but also with the im portance of the language in Malaysia herself.6Hence, the use of English as a local anesthetic language in Malaysia kind of than an international language is enough to make Malaysia an unofficial Anglophone country.English can be a unifying language in MalaysiaEnglish language is the global lingua franca, a language for diplomacy and international trade. Workforces with good command of English will put the country a huge advantage in the world. concord to Braj Kachrus three-circle type of World Englishes that categorises World Englishes into three concentric circles, which include Inner Circle representing the traditional base of English Outer Circle that representing countries where English is not an official language but plays an important role and Expanding Circle, including countries that employ it as a foreign language and for only limited purposes, Malaysia is listed low the Outer Circle.7This model indicates that there are a sizeable amount of people who use English as a f or the first time language. According to Azirah Hashim, a Professor of Linguistics in University of Malaya, English is used for a variety of functions in professional and social transactions not only with the international community but also within the society.8The quote tells us that Malaysians do not only use it as an international language, but some perceive English as a local language as well.Hashims view is not her own wishful thinking. It is evident everywhere in Malaysia, in both the Malaysian education and lives of Malaysia citizens. Broken English is very commonly used by taxi drivers, pedestrian pedlars, food hawkers, gardeners, garbologists, florists and food caterers.9For instance, phrases such as Buy 1 Free 1 or RM 5 for 2 are always visible in Malaysias local supermarkets, departmental stores and pasar malam, a Malay word for night market. It indicates that even for those who are not highly educated, they all have the enthusiasm to speak English because the degree of i nternational integration is solely moving in leaps and bounds and man-on-the-street has to survive.10Most importantly, it shows that English is gaining more currency within Malaysian society, especially in urban areas.11After the PPSMI policy was implemented in 2003, the decision was described by some journalists as revive the glory of the language and reclaim English in education, which seems to allude to recognition of English as not just a global or international language, not just a European language, but also as a Malaysian language.12Moreover, even though there arent any official statistics available, it is known that there are sizeable numbers of English private kindergartens in Malaysia, particularly in urban areas. For non-English medium privately-owned kindergartens, English is always taught as one of the subjects apart from their mother tongue. According to a Malaysian Indian who is only unbidden to be identified as Subramaniam, My children are all studying in English-m edium kindergarten because I know only a good command of English will lead them to success and I want them to build their foundation since they are young.13This comment reflects the fact that the Malaysian parents are aware of the importance of English in todays world as well as Malaysian society itself and they know that a good command of English will put their children in a better position in todays world. In addition, English is generally taught 280 minutes per week in public schools14, which is even more than the teaching time for the superior class in Xiamen International School, an English-medium and IB World school. It must be noted that in Malaysian education, all high school students in public schools are undeniable to learn English literature and English comprehension, rather than beginner English class. If the teaching time of English in a bilingual education is even more than an English-medium school, it indicates that English plays an equally important role for both M inistry of Education of Malaysia as well as an IB World school. However, it must also be noted that the level of English comprehension and/or literature might be lower than that of IB Diploma course, and and so the statistics do not indicate everything.According to a well-known Malaysian Indian journalist and politician, the late MGG Pillai, those who know English are better positioned for jobs than those without.15That was his comment regards the importance of English in his article written in 1994. His assessment was right spot on in todays world. In major companies in Malaysia, the only language used in a company meeting is English.16Meanwhile, some meetings in governmental departments are conducted in English as well, but mostly depending on the language preferred by the head of the department.17Reports such as annual reports or financial reports are either in English or in both English and Malay. For example, Malaysia Airlines, the national carrier of Malaysia, presents its fi nancial reports to their staff only in English18. Meanwhile, it is known that the language a flight attendant will use is English, even for home(prenominal) flights although the national language is Malay.19When a pilot or co-pilot announces the latest information about the flight, English is always preferred for both domestic and international flights. If private companies prefer English and English language is also widely used in governmental departments although Malay is supposed to be the language of instruction, it tells us that English does play an equally important role in todays Malaysia. Moreover, English is no longer seen as a competitive advantage but a staple fibre requirement for jobseekers.20In 2005, the Malaysian government conducted a survey of nearly 60,000 Malaysian graduates who were unemployed. It was also revealed in the survey that 81 per cent of the unemployed tended to(p) public universities where the medium of instruction in many courses is in Malay.21Mor eover, according to the senior consultant of Alpha Platform Sdn Bhd, a Malaysian full avail communication firm, Many of the graduates are rejected five minutes into an interview due to their atrocious command of English.22Those examples show that Malaysians with lack of proficiency in English will be at a serious disadvantage in Malaysian society. It also suggests that English is gradually replacing Malays prominence in Malaysia, especially in private sectors.In addition, English is also very common in the lives of ordinary people in Malaysia. For instance, no English language pastime import is ever dubbed and local television channels in Malaysia screen a wide variety of English cartoons, serials, dramas and films in original language with Malay subtitles only.23There are sizeable numbers of local English magazines and newspapers such as Flavours, Football Weekly, the Star, New Strait Times, Business Times, the Sun, Motor Trader, Golf Malaysia, BPL and many others. Moreover, ther e are many well-known foreign magazines such as Times, Readers Digest, PC Magazine, and Newsweek on sale all over Malaysia. The numbers of English newspapers all over Malaysia is exactly the same as that of Malay language.24Several foreign publishers even publish their own magazines in Malaysian version in English language such as FourFour Two and Top Gear from United Kingdom.25In addition, English books have dominated the two boastfullyst bookstore chains in Malaysia, mph Bookstore and Popular Bookstore. An English teacher, Ram Mohann, claimed that Popular bookstore has roughly 65% of English books while English books almost dominate MPH bookstores in Malaysia with around 90% by citing internal sources.26Those different statistics and information do indicate that there is a big market for English readers in Malaysia.27However, it must be stressed that Mohann is only a teacher, not a market profession and his internal sources might not be very bona fide either. Nevertheless, it i s always known by Malaysians the dominance of English books in that either of those two bookstores or other bookstores is a fact that is beyond any doubt.On 9th July 2009, the Ministry of Education announced that the PPSMI policy will be abandoned starting 2012 by citing the percentage of students who achieved A to C for science had fallen by around 4% in both urban and rural schools. Basically the overturn of the policy means that all science-based and maths subjects in Malaysian public schools will be reverting back to Malay for government schools, Chinese for Chinese schools and Tamil for Tamil schools. The reversal of the policy has caused as much debates as the ones when the policy was first implemented in 2003. For instance, Azimah Abdul Rahim, the chairman of Parents Action Group for Education (PAGE), questioned the reversal of the government on behalf of all parents by telling the reporter that there might be some schools which would want to continue teaching in English. I think there should be a choice. There are many Malaysians whose first language is English.28In addition, Lim Kit Siang, a prominent opposition leader in Malaysian politics, described the decision as a sensitive Deal leaving Malaysia stranded in the march towards global educational quality, excellence and competitiveness29. Moreover, Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad, the former Prime Minister of Malaysia who was known for his Malay nationalism and the leader who, surprisingly, introduced the PPSMI policy under his administration, posted a poll regards the PPSMI abolishment and the result shows that 84 per cent want to retain English as the language medium for these subjects.30Mahathir also questions how the reversal of PPSMI is going to help integrate Malaysians,31which implies that English is not just a medium of instruction for science and math and business language in Malaysia, but at the same time a language that should help unify all Malaysians as a whole. However, it must be stres sed that his view might be subjective as Lim is a leader from opposition party and the fact he was educated under English medium. Moreover, as Mahathir mentions in his blog, the result of the poll might be somewhat subjective as well since it was conducted in the English language and English language speakers might be biased in favour of English.32Nevertheless, the views collected, which represent the parents and politicians, have emphasized the fact that a lot Malaysians believe that it will be hard for their children to survive in the future with lack of proficiency in English and also reflected the fact that English speakers and the language itself do play an important role in the today and future society of Malaysia.English cannot be a unifying language of MalaysiaWhile there is no doubt about the importance of English in private sectors in Malaysia, it must be stressed that Malay has been the sole official language of Malaysia since 1970 and the use of this language in various sectors is further under the National Language Act.33The Malay nationalists are particularly against the increasing prominence of English in Malaysia, especially in education. This square feeling had been shown by the Malay-ethnic people in a protest against the use of English in March 2009, which eventually caused the reversal of PPSMI policy.34Supporters of PPSMI always use Singapore, the neighbouring nation that once was part of Malaysia, as an example of how language skills can be a key to a connecting local workers and industries to global economy.35However, the reversal of PPSMI could eventually overthrow the role of English in Malaysia today and the future because the students will have less opportunity to use the language in class in the future. Therefore, for the beside generation, instead of English, there is a possibility that Malay might become the language that is going to be widely used among professionals. According to Muhyiddin Yassin, the minister of education M alaysia, , only 8% of teachers were using English exclusively in classes while the use of Malay language was still common, particularly in rural areas36Muhyiddins concern reveals several problems in Malaysian education today the gap between students from urban and rural areas and the lack of proficiency in English among Malaysian local teachers. According to Dr. Nor Hashimah Jalauddin, a professor in National University of Malaysias School of Language and Linguistics, students in urban areas adjusted better to the PPSMI compared with students in rural areas37and that English is considered a foreign language and third language for students in Sabah, Sarawak, Kelantan, Terrengganu, Kedah and Perlis.38She is convinced that learning Math and Science in English is a burden for students due to their lack of proficiency in English. In fact, it is not only a burden for students, even the Malaysian teachers going mad teaching subjects in English39because most Math and Science teachers in se rvice were trained under the National Language Policy, which the language of instruction is Malay.40According to Dr Khalil Idham Lim Abdullah, while the teachers are still grappling with the language, they are required to teach their students as well.41This claim is supported by Mohann as well, there are 75% of Science and Math teachers were trained in Malay and that there is hardly a big improvement in English for teachers since 2003.42Even though the statistics given only refers to one particular school, it does suggest that there are a large number of teachers who cant use English fluently. If the teachers cant even speak fluent English, how can we expect the students to develop their language skill significantly and hence how is language going to become the unifying language?Even though English plays an important role in Malaysias society today, the amount of English speakers is rather limited. According to David Crystal, the total number of English as First Language speakers i n Malaysia was 1.88% by 1994 while the number fell by 0.16% nine eld later. Meanwhile, the total number of L1 and L2 speakers only rose from 31.9% to 33.2% within nine years and the rise is rather slight as well.4344The statistics indicate that there are very few fluent speakers Malaysia and thus English is definitely not a language that is understood by all Malaysians. Unifying language should be the language that unites the whole nation and if English is not generally understood by all Malaysia citizens, how can it be the unifying language of the country?The biggest problem that might threaten the status of English in Malaysia is the fact that English is a colonial legacy left by the British and it is evident that the Malays have been seek to wipe off the memory of colonialism. For instance, even though the Malaysian government only removed Englishs official role by 1967, ten years after independence, and removed all English-medium schools only by 1972, the Englishs elitist stat us in education and administration had been immediately downgraded in 1957.45They find it hard in accepting that English could be an ingredient in Malaysian national identity, in spite of its use in cultural situations in Malaysia at present.46Instead, they believe Malay is for national identity and English is for progress and for wider communication, which implies the Malays believe that English should be used for globalisation and internationalisation rather than a local language.47Thus, as Tan suggests, the fact that Malaysia is categorised under the Outer Circle means that it is more appropriate to talk about the role of English in Malaysia in individual communities or sections of society rather than the whole country.48ConclusionEnglish is an important language in both the past and current society of Malaysia. Competence in English as a compulsory condition for employees in most private sectors and some governmental departments has emphasized the increasing prominence of Englis h in the country. Moreover, the implementation of PPSMI policy in 2003 has significantly increased the usage of English among the new generation, especially those who are teenagers now and will become the future backbone of the country. While the implementation of PPSMI policy indicates that fact the government is concerned about the importance of English in the country, the debates among professionals and ordinary Malaysians regards the reversal of the policy also reveals how significant the language is for the people. In addition, the dominance of English books and magazines in bookstores of Malaysia indicates that there is a huge market for English books in Malaysia.However, some Malaysians, particularly the Malays, believe the only language that can unify all Malaysians is the Malay language. The lack of qualified teachers with fluent English is a reason why English is not a unifying language. Meanwhile, the difference of English proficiency between students from urban areas and rural areas proves that English is not commonly understood by all Malaysians and hence it will not create national unity. Besides the proficiency of the teachers and students, the rather low percentage of English speakers also reveals the same problem in making English the unifying language in Malaysia.All in all, even though this issue is still rather debatable, the conclusion drawn is that English can be a unifying language in Malaysia to some extent. English plays an important role in the lives of ordinary Malaysians, private sectors and education in Malaysia. However, the usage of Malay language is encouraged in public sectors. The overturn of PPSMI policy in July 2009 has put the status of English in the country into doubt. Moreover, Malays believe their language should be the tool to unite the whole nation49but the Indians and/or Chinese believe Malay language will create division among all Malaysians. They believe that we should emulate the model of Singapore since English i s a neutral language between all the different ethnicities as it does not identify any of the races in Malaysia and thus it will create an equal society.50Bibliography

Who Stole My Cheese? Self-Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

Change, like time, is al centerings happening. There is no way to stop it, not even for a second. Whither or not you realize it, you are always changing in every possible way. However, we commonly simplify change to only the large differences in our common routines each day or week, whither they are expected or unexpected. These large problems can sometimes become problems for people, which is not surprising. They should be problems, whither they are good problems to have, or bad. It is our job to adapt to these changes, and to adapt quickly. All of the time it takes you to adapt, is time lost, time you will never regain. This principle is easily explained by Spencer Johnson, M.D. in his book Who go My Cheese?.Hem, Haw, and two speedy mice running through a maze looking for cheese first sounded like a very odd way to analyze how people deal with change, however, after reading a section, the comparison between two different people and mice is a very creative and adjust comparison . The mice, are concerned with one thing, their cheese. They do not worry about having a permanent home or structure to fall back on. They are like Indians following the buffalo wherever they roam. They are constantly on the move following their source of life. The little people, Hem and Haw, however, are more concerned with have a home, and a schedule. A life that stays the same with themselves always perfectly content. They do not want to hav...

Doctor Faustus as Apollonian Hero :: Doctor Faustus

amend Faustus as Apollonian HeroHow long will a man lie i th earth ere he rot? - Hamlet, V, i, 168 The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus is Marlowes misreading of the drama of the morality tradition, the Faust legend, and, ironically, his own Tamburlaine plays. In the development of the function of Doctor Faustus, we find champion of the supreme artistic achievements of English dramatic literature, a milestone of artistic creativity and originality. The force of Marlowes dramatic poetry resonates with lyrical intensity in its dialectic between world and will. Not only is Faustus the starting true dramatic character of any psychological, moral, and philosophical depth in English literature of the modern period, but in his creation of this unique character we see Marlowe on the verge of Shakespearean characterization, that supreme artistic achievement that Harold tip calls the invention of the human personality. The play itself is a study of the development of the intragroup self of a character, the evolution from a type who unfolds into a soul who develops. Bloom calls Marlowe Shakespeares prime precursor and rival Ovidian (xx). All of Marlowes major characters are of one type each strives single-mindedly and obsessively towards one ever-evasive end. Faustus is the most philosophically oriented of this motley band, the one who comes closest to embodying the incredible vastness of human personality. Bloom notes that Marlowe never developed, and never would have, even had he seen thirty (xxi-xxii). While this judgment may be argued true, we must not regard his want of artistic maturity against Marlowe for the characterization he does achieve remains unprecedented in English literary history. The Faustus that we come to know, to loathe, and, at times, to idealize is both a human externalize in all of his flaws and a natural force, not so much intelligence as energy (Steane 131). Marlowes tragedy stands in a uniquely transformative descent to the tradition o f Englands morality plays more than simply an evolution, the play assimilates, incorporates, and creates new uses for the conventional elements of the morality play. The morality play, the most popular examples of which include Everyman and Mankind, was rooted in the didacticism of knightly Christian theology and developed as a means for the conveyance of Biblical truth to the masses. Its basis, as a literary work, was an archetypal human wisdom the fall out of innocence into experience (Potter 9).